THEME: TOWARDS UNLEASHING SUB-SAHARA AFRICAN RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
DATE: 29th July, 2022
VENUE: GOMBE STATE UNIVERSITY, GOMBE, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
ORGANIZERS: MEDITERRANEAN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL
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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:
E-COMMERCE ADOPTION AND THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN GOMBE METROPOLIS.
*AJAYI CORNELIUS OJO; & **HARUNA ABUBAKAR SADIQ
*Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University of Kashere, Gombe State. **Department of Business Administration and Management, School of Business Studies, the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between e-commerce and performance of SMEs, in Gombe State, Nigeria. Profitability and market share were used as measures of performance. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey in its investigation of the variables. Primary source of data was generated through self- administered questionnaire. The population of the study was the SMEs registered with SMEDAN. A total of 30,000 SMEs represent the sample frame. The sample size was obtained using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table for determining minimum returned sample size for a given population. For our population, the table placed our sample size at three hundred and eighty (380). The research instrument was validated through supervisor’s vetting and approval while the reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. Data generated were analyzed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Statistics. Findings from the data analysis revealed that e-commerce positively and significantly related with performance of SMEs (profitability and market shares) in Gombe state. The result of the findings recommends that investments should be made in better infrastructural facilities and better strategies that will improve consumers’ and businesses’ technological literacy and ensure a favorable environment for the adoption of e-commerce because they will increase profitability over the long term.
Keywords: E-commerce, Profitability, Market Share, Performance and Small and Medium Enterprises
EVALUATION OF CIRCULATION STRATEGIES IN AN URBAN PUBLIC MARKET ZARIA, NIGERIA
FRANCIS BASIL & MUHAMMAD ISA BALA
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria
Abstract
Markets have been long known as a commercial platform and forms and integral part of many towns. Most markets in Africa as well as Nigeria have their transactions taking place in open-air. Over time some of the activities are now permanently situated in halls (covered market). The combination of open air market as well as covered market within an urban environment as can be found in Nigeria are bedeviled with a lot of circulation challenges. More also, market as an urban infrastructure offering the public a platform for continuous buying and selling attract traffic congestion, as any urban facility that draws inhabitant to congregate, causes traffic congestion. Planners have identified poor circulation as one of the nine infrastructure deficiencies within the public facility, and a common scene found in a public facility such as market is congestion due to poor traffic flow. Hence the need for proper circulation measures and strategies within a market, from various perspective most especially the residents (shop owners) and the users (customers). This research therefore embarked upon an empirical study of a market in Zaria Kaduna state with the view to explore the challenges of circulation with its antecedent challenges of both the shop owners and the customers using qualitative research approach. This entail participants’ observation and conduct of interviews. The results of the findings which was content analyzed showed that circulation challenges in the market can be resolved through incorporation of spatial strategies that can hinder or promote effective circulation within the urban markets.
Keywords: Architecture. Behavior, circulation, congestion, design planning
ASSESSMENT OF CROWD CONTROL DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR POST COVID CONFERENCE CENTRE IN MINNA, NIGERIA
TSADO B. S, MAKUN C. Y
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 virus created a new challenge to all the major industries around the world, being an air burn disease coming together of a large group of people can increase the risk of spread of COVID-19. This has brought about the need for building experts to come up with a way to minimize the spread of the disease in large spaces such as a conference centre. This paper seeks to minimize the spread of COVID-19 virus using building itself. The goal of this paper hence, is to identify the processes in the use of a conference centre, areas where the spread is eminent and then provide the necessary building design strategies to minimise the spread of the disease. In order to archive this, major areas such as the meeting areas, as well as crowded areas, walk ways and rest rooms would be looked into. A quantitative research method was used where questionnaires was disturbed and a sample size was taken from Minna, Nigeria. The data collected was analysed using descriptive statistical tool. It was discovered that public building that are existing have not been able to find a solution to the spread of the disease, although temporary solutions were provided which is not as effective to reduce the spread. The use of face masks and placement of basins to wash at strategic points was adopted. The implementation of layered approach for indoor spaces, proper ventilation of large spaces as well as air condition spaces is recommendeds. In conclusion, the size of a building does not matter when it comes the reduction of COVID-19, what matters is the how ventilated the space is.
Keywords: COVID-19, Architecture, Conference centre
MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH CURRENCIE IN THE BANKING HALL
AISHA, A. D., ALHASSAN, A. A., ABUBAKAR, S. F.
Department of Biological Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State. Nigeria.
Abstract;
Samples were collected from banking hall and processed for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and identified by swabbing and streaking on appropriate media using standard techniques. The probable microorganisms isolated are Escherichia coli (10.81%), Streptococcus species (13.51%), Klebsiella species (8.10%) and Staphylococcus species (1.6%). Four probable grnera of Fungi isolates were: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor species and Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Paper currency is commonly contaminated with bacteria and fungi and this may play a role in the transmission of potentially harmful disease producing organisms. The identified microorganisms have pathogenic potential and hence their presence on such surfaces could serve as a source of cross transmission of bacterial and fungal infections in the banks and the general community.
Keywords; microorganisms, currencies, Associated, Banking, Hall.
TECHNIQUES OF REDUCING FLOOD IN THE SAVANNAH REGION OF JIGAWA STATE FOR ADEQUATE FOOD SECURITY
BALA IBRAHIM
Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse
Abstract
The Nigerian Savannah is sometimes affected by flooding that leads to the destruction of farmlands and houses leading to poverty within the region, many researchers had been providing so many solutions to such kinds of environmental disasters across the world, yet the problem persists, because the environment lacks a technology that will solve the problem in Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry. This study was conducted along the Hadejia river that crosses through some local Government of Jigawa state, the local Governments includes Ringim, Taura, Miga, Auyo Kafin Hausa and Hadejia, the research method used was mixed methods, these are; the qualitative and quantitative approach, the qualitative approach includes the reconnaissance survey, field data collection, existing data. while the quantitative method includes the Satellite Image Processing and Analysis, a familiarity visit to the area under investigation was carried out, after intensive fieldwork, in which the samples/data were collected across the study area, and a TCX converter software was used to determine the longitudes and latitudes of the study area, Quikgrid was used to convert the available data to contours of the study area. Their elevations were as follows: Highest from Ringim which is 392M to Lowest toward Hadejia which is 346M with intervals of 2M between contours height, the results show that the flooding will be higher in Hadejia because it has the lowest elevations, after intensive calculations, the solution provided for the disaster was a creation of dunes and Oasis using AutoCAD software and Realtime Landscape Architects to solve the problem in the perspective of Landscape Architecture, a 10,000 Meter cube area was used as a sample in the part of the study area and closed to the waterways, a design was produced and evaluated, the result shows that initially, the sampling area was accommodating only 30,000 Meter cubes at the maximum height of 3-meter flooding of the existing data, after the calculations and the design of Oasis creation and dunes along the higher contours, the result shows that each sampling area will accommodate more flooding under the ground, this result can be multiplied by millions of the same samples. And the second result was the dunes created will allow for farming, planting of medicinal trees, fruit trees, fishpond and wildlife survival. This will serve as a menace after the disaster, and also a preventive measure before or during the next flooding if available. The proposal will boost food security in the area and create more job opportunities for the people of Jigawa State and beyond.
Keywords: Flooding, Landscape Architecture, Savannah, Technology
POVERTY AND VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA IMPLICATION ON DEMOCRACY
OGBU UGONNA
Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic Oko
Abstract
This paper discussed the relationship between poverty and violence in Nigeria and their implications on democratic consolidation. Poverty has many effects and one of its obvious manifestations is violence. This submission has been justified using social structure and anomie theory. While democracy seeks to provide equal socio-economic and political opportunities across populations and/or sub-populations of a nation, poverty is an albatross to the attainment of such egalitarian socio-economic and political arrangements. Looking at most developing countries and in Nigeria in particular, poverty is obviously an artificial social problem and it is created by corrupt politicians. These vested interests are recruiting unemployed and illiterate youths into political thuggery, such as Yankalare in Gombe State, ´Yan sara-suka’ in Bauchi State, ‘Yandaba’ in Kano State and ‘Bakassi’ Boys in Abia State. The paper also found that, religious radicalism by ‘Boko Haram’ in the northern Nigeria and other violent activities by insurgents in the Niger Delta, such as Niger Delta Avengers are all reflections people’s frustration on unemployment and poverty. The paper recommended that, to achieve democratic society, we shall overcome the scourge of violence in Nigeria through fighting poverty.
Keywords: Democracy, Poverty, Unemployment, Violence.
مفارقة ازدواج الإشارات ومقارباتها التداولية في شعر إبراهيم أحمد مقري: مفارقة الرموز الصوفية الخمر أنموذجا
مصطفى إبراهيم شعيب
طالب الماجستير قسم اللغة العربية، جامعة أحمد بلُّو زاريا نيجيريا
المستخلص:
يسعى هذا البحث إلى بيان مفارقة ازدواج الإشارات ومقارباتها التداولية في شعر إبراهيم أحمد مقري؛ مفارقة الرموز الصوفية الخمر أنموذجا، استوظف الباحث المنهج التداولي في الحديث عن ظاهرة المفارقة والمقاربة التداولية، ومفارقة ازدواج الإشارات، ومفارقة الرموز الصوفية عند الشاعر، ويتحدث البحث عن الشاعر وشاعريته وخصائصه الشعرية ومكوناتها، كما يهدف إلى تقديم تصورات علمية مفارقية ومقارباتها التداولية، فيما تحمل من الإشارات والمعاني المزدوجة، عبر الرمز الصوفي المتمثل في الخمر، ومن أبرز ما توصلت الورقة ما يلي: أن الشاعر أخذ النظرة الميتافيزيقية إلى الواقع الفيزيائي، حيث صور السكر المادي الناتج عن الخمر إلى السكر المعنوي الناتج عن العرفان الرباني، فربط بين العوالم الروحية المتمثلة في الكشف والأحوال والترقي والعوالم المادية المتمثلة في العنب والخمر والسكران لتمثيل النشوة والطرب بالفناء الصوفي في الله ورسوله. أن الشاعر جسد السنفونية الدرامية المفارقية بالعقل اللاواعي في الرمز الخمري ليفجر للمتلقي بحرا تداوليا يحمل في بوتقته تشفيرا دلاليا. وأن الشاعر يرسم في شعره مفارقة مملوءة بالتناقض اللفظي والمعنوي، حيث انتشى الأحوال الباطنية الروحية بالأحوال الظاهرية المادية، التي غالبا ما يكون مرجعها إلى المعاصي والمحارم، إلا أنه ربطها بالقرائن السطحية والعميقة يعثر عليها المتلقي بعد التأويل والتفسير الدقيق.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الشاعر، المفارقة، المقاربة التداولية، مفارقة ازدواج الإشارات، مفارقة الرموز الصوفية ومقارباتها التداولية الخمر أنموذجا.
THE PARADOX OF DUAL SIGNS AND THEIR PRAGMATIC APPROACHES IN THE POETRY OF IBRAHIM AHMED MAKRI: SUFI SYMBOLS, WINE AS A MODEL
MUSTAPHA IBRAHIM SHUAIBU
Arabic department Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
Abstract:
This research seeks to clarify the paradox of dual signs and their pragmatic approaches in the poetry of Ibrahim Ahmed Makri; The paradox of the Sufi symbols, wine as a model, the researcher used the pragmatics methodology to talk about the phenomenon of paradox and the pragmatics approach, the paradox of dual signs, and the paradox of the Sufi symbols of the poet. The dual signs and meanings, through the mystical symbol represented by wine, and the most prominent findings of the paper are the following: that the poet took the metaphysical view to the physical reality, where he portrayed the physical drunkenness resulting from wine into the moral drunkenness resulting from divine gratitude, so he linked the spiritual realms represented in revelation. And conditions, advancement, and material worlds represented by grapes, wine and drunkenness to represent ecstasy and rapture in the Sufi annihilation of God and His Messenger. The poet embodied the paradoxical dramatic symphony with the unconscious mind in the wine symbol to blow the recipient a deliberative sea carrying in his crucible a semantic cipher. And that the poet draws in his poetry a paradox full of verbal and moral contradiction, where the inner spiritual conditions are elevated with the apparent material ones, which often refer to sin and forbidden, but he linked them to superficial and deep clues that the recipient finds after interpretation and accurate interpretation.
Keywords: the poet, the paradox, the pragmatic approach, the paradox of dual signs, the paradox of the Sufi symbols and their pragmatics approaches, the wine as a model.
EFFECT OF COST-RELATED RISKS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
OKIGBO, OLUSHOLA NDEFO; AND MAMMAN, EKEMENA JULIET
Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal Polytechnic, Bida
Abstract
The construction industry is characterized by inherent risks and uncertainties as a result of its fragmented and competitive nature. This, therefore, makes it difficult to accurately estimate the cost of a construction project. Cost-based risks are the cost that directly affects the project cost during construction. Many projects have suffered abandonment because of cost overruns due to unnecessary occurrences of cost-related risk. For a project to be adequately completed especially within cost and quality, a manager should be able to ascertain cost-related risks to be able to prepare adequately for the risks. Therefore, this paper aims at evaluating cost-based project risks in building projects and also to determine the effect on building project costs. A quantitative approach was used in obtaining data through structured questionnaires administered to the construction professionals practising in the F.C.T. Abuja. 102 questionnaires were distributed and 75 were returned (73.5% response rate). Using a two-dimensional scaling, with a Likert scale of 0-4, the likelihood of the identified risk factors occurring and their perceived impacts in case of occurrence. The data were analysed using the Relative important index (RII) and multiple regression analysis. The study revealed that cost-based risks have a very positive significant effect on a project. The paper recommended that accuracy of data in the form of scope, specification and drawings be provided by the specialist in order to avoid change of scope, design and specification which would result to inflation of contract sum in order to avoid cost overrun and project abandonment.
Keywords: Building, Construction, Cost-related, Projects, Risks.
ADVANCE THE NECESSITY TO INTEGRATE INDIGENOUS AND MODERN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN PREDICTING AND PLANNING RAINFED FARMING
SHEHU, M.B.; MAINA, K.K.; SHETTIMA, Z.
UIICEST Bama, Borno State.
Abstract
The research assessed the advance the necessity to integrate the indigenous knowledge and modern scientific used in predicting and planning rainfed farming. Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted on rainfed farmers aged 40 years and above of both male and female in two communities in each of four agro-ecological zones. Also in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants in all selected communities on both genders aged 60 years and above and NiMet staffs were interviewed. The information sources were analysed using qualitative method and words map produced using Nvivo software. The ArcGIS was used to produce Agroecological map. Findings of the research revealed that there is no synergy between the two knowledge systems. The research proposed the integration of indigenous and modern scientific knowledge as a way of improving quality of rainfed prediction and planning.
Keywards: Indigenous Knowledge(IK), Rainfed, Nvivo software.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT, A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANIATIONAL GROWTH A STUDY OF DELTA STATE POLYTECHNIC, OTEFE OGHARA
*JOHNSON – ITABITA, PATIENCE (PhD); & **AGUNUWA, EKOKOTU VINCENT (PhD)
*Department of Business Administration/Management, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe – Oghara. **Department of Banking & Finance, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe – Oghara
Abstract
This paper is to study the crisis management as a tool for sustainable organiational growth a study of delta state polytechnic, otefe oghara. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the Crisis management has relationship with organizational sustainable growth. Crisis management is the process by which an organization deals with a major event that threatens to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public. Crisis management involves dealing with threats before, during, and after they have occurred. Social media has accelerated the speed that information about a crisis can spread. The viral effect of social networks such as Twitter means that stakeholders can break news faster than traditional media – making managing a crisis harder. This can be mitigated by having the right training and policy in place as well as the right social media monitoring tools to detect signs of a crisis breaking. Social media also gives crisis management teams’ access to real-time information about how a crisis is impacting stakeholder sentiment and the issues that are of most concern to them.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT): APPLICATIONS, INVESTMENTS, AND CHALLENGES FOR ENTERPRISES
LELE MOHAMMED1, YAKUBU NUHU DANJUMA 2, YAMUSA IDRIS ADAMU3
Department of Computer Science, The Federal Polytechnics Bauchi
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT), often known as the Internet of Everything or the Industrial Internet, is a cutting-edge technological paradigm that envisions a global network of interconnected machine and devices. The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining significant attention from a variety of businesses and is acknowledged as one of the most important areas of future technology. In addition to discussing three IoT categories for enterprise applications used to increase customer value, this paper covers five IoT technologies that are crucial for the implementation of successful IoT-based goods and services. It also looks at the real option technique, which is frequently used to justify technology initiatives, and the net present value method, and it shows how the real option approach can be used to justify IoT investment. Finally, five technical and managerial challenges are covered in this paper.
Keywords: Internet of Things; Radio frequency identification; Real options; Cloud computing; Supply chain management
TRADE SHOWS: EFFECTIVE INDUSTRIAL MARKETING STRATEGIC TOOL FOR EXPANDING A COMPANY’S MARKET SHARE.
ASORE, E. PATRICIA (Mrs)
Department of Marketing, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi
Abstract
The main objective of the paper is to examine the effect of trade show marketing as a strategic and effective tool for expanding a company’s market Share. The supporting objectives are: To find out the trade show marketing strategies that are effective in expanding a company’s market share, to ascertain trade show costs/expenses on the part of participating companies, to determine the risks associated with taking a stand at trade shows, to outline the trade show benefits to participating organization, and to create an understanding of the flow of revenue in exhibit/trade show marketing. With regards to the methodology, the paper is written from a descriptive perspective. Trade show marketing strategies were examined in order of what to do, before, during, and after the trade show. Trade show expenses (costs) on the part of participating companies were outlined, and they were found to be quite enormous, running to hundreds of thousands of Naira/Dollars. Risks associated with exhibiting at a trade shows were briefly examined and were found to cover unknown effectiveness- the marketing return per Naira spent, difficulty of measuring efficiency-the effectiveness of these events compared with other marketing communication tools such as advertising; high and rising cost of participation, heavy presence of competition- making it hard for smaller firms to get noticed, potential low turnouts that can affect the return on investment (ROI), not having the right stand personnel and the fact that leads might not always be qualified. Trade show benefits/ advantages (for participating organizations) were also outlined. Understanding the flow of revenue in exhibit Marketing was briefly treated which revealed that there is a lot of money circulating in the trade-show business, and most of it comes out of the pockets of exhibitors and attendees. The revenue flows in a way that benefits not just one or two entities, but a web of stakeholders who can all leverage its features for greater business and economic success. In conclusion, it is noted that despite the prevalent confusion about the value of trade shows, they are in fact proving to be an important part of marketing. It is recommended that proper planning, execution, and follow-up are the keys to trade show success. In view of the rising costs of trade shows (and promotion in general), participation is not something that can be taken lightly or approached in a haphazard manner. Extensive evaluation of the shows themselves, detailed planning, establishment of realistic objectives and expectations, professional execution of the plan, and thorough and timely follow – up can provide relative assurance of successful trade show participation.
Keywords: Trade shows, Marketing, Exhibitors, Attendees, Social Media, Drayage, Revenue.
EFFECT OF LAND USE SUCCESSION AND REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS
Esv HASSAN, OLANREWAJU ABDUL
Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. Email:
Abstract
The study evaluated the land use succession and real estate transactions in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria. It identifies and examined land use succession pattern in Ilorin Metropolis; identified and examined factors influencing land use change in the study area; and investigated the implications of land use succession on real estate transactions in the study area. Thus; with a view to providing information that will enhance real estate investment and transaction decisions. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Purposive sampling technique were utilized for the Kwara State town Planning and Development Authority, and the Kwara State Bureau of Lands while simple random sampling techniques were adopted for the landlords and tenants of all the identified 381 properties in the area of study and 19 Estate Surveying and Valuation firms. Data collected were analysed using frequency distribution, percentages, mean, standard deviation, trend analysis, factor analysis and relative importance index. The study revealed that residential – commercial land use succession is the most prevalent land use succession in the study area. The study also established that, the land ownership common in the study area was self – owned and that the nature of growth and development pattern of land use succession common in the study area was linear. The study concluded that major effect and implications of land use succession in the study area was traffic congestion, noise pollution, loss of business hours and particularly commercial property market product domineering respectively.
POSSIBLE WAYS OF REDEEMING THE COLLAPSING NIGERIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM: AN APPRAISAL
*VEN EGESI JONATHAN.C; **VEN SIMEON UGOCHUKWU DURUJI (PhD); & ***UCHECHI DIKE
*Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji, P.M.B 1472, Owerri-Nigeria. **Department of Religion and Cultural Studies, Alvan Ikoku College of Education, Owerri- Nigeria, ***Imo State Polytechnic Umuagwo- Ohaji
Abstract
Education has been considered a key cum very important structure of the human society. By implication, education is derived from the noun educate which implies to impact knowledge. It is note worthy to establish that education is divided into two main forms of formal and informal education. Formal education can simply be taken for that form of education that uses a well- planned curriculum. It is usually carried out by personnel who are well and specially trained for that purpose otherwise considered as teachers. On the other side of the same coin, informal education is the one that takes place at home which usually is considered the child’s first point of call upon birth. The two basic forms of education in truth complement each other. None can therefore claim to be more important than the other. In recent times in Nigeria, it has been observed that education has seemingly been relegated to the background and its importance so much compromised and undermined. Infact, the genuine purpose of education has been defeated and abused by almost all and sundry as none take its impact for a pint of salt. Both teachers, learners and various stake holders are caught in the web as its benefits has been marred by malpractices and corruption. This research is an effort at exposing the causes, dangers and possible ways out of this ugly doldrums in Nigeria. Data collection methods as the questionnaire, interview, textbooks, newspapers and internet were adopted. The functionalist theory was considered most appropriate as theoretical framework for analysis, thereafter, recommendations were made.
Keywords: Possible, Redemption, Collapse, Nigeria, Educational System.
MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AS A PANACEA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SHEHU JIBRIL; ADAMA MUHAMMAD; & SAMIRA MUHAMMAD SHEHU
Department of Chemistry, Aminu Saleh College of Education, Azare, Bauchi State
Abstract
The researchers in this paper use mechanochemical synthesis as a panacea for the excess use of solution based syntheses that cause environmental contamination. The main aimed of the paper is the usage of mechanochemicaly synthesized complex of ciprofloxacin which was characterized by physical methods, spectral and biological studies. Spectral studies show that; in the complexe, the ciprofloxacin acted as bidentate ligand which coordinated to the metal ion through the ring carbonyl oxygen and one of the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group. Results from microanalysis data shows 1:2 metal to ligand ratio. All the complexes show strong antibacterial activity at all concentrations compared with the free ligand (ciprofloxacin). Due to environmentally friendly, shortest reactions time, inexpensive, production of higher yields. Therefore, the authors recommend the use of mechanochemical methods over solution-based.
Keywords: Mechanochemical, Synthesis, Ciprofloxacin, Panacea, Solution-based
ASSESSEMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTIOS OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG YOUTH IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
*AUGUSTINE D. BUDEN; *MURITALA A. OLAOYE; & **BASHIR MMAMMAN
*Department of Co-operative Economics and Management, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. **Department of Co-operative Economics and Management, Federal Co-operative Collage, Kaduna.
Abstract
This research work was conducted to assess the contributions of co-operative societies in the development of entrepreneurship among youth in Kaduna State. The following research questions guided the study were; What are the activities of co-operative societies in developing entrepreneurship attitude among youth in the study area? What are the challenges of the co-operative societies in entrepreneurship development of youth in the study area? Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed in selection of 201 co-operative members in Kaduna metropolis. A questionnaire was developed based on 5-point Likert scale to gather the data. Frequencies and simple percentages were used to analyze the respondent bio data while mean score was used based on the research questions. Research results show that the activities of co-operative societies in developing entrepreneurship attitude among youth includes assisting members in developing business plant, encouraging savings habit among youth, creating cheap and easy avenue for loans, providing socio-economic security to youth and creating awareness on self reliance e.t.c result also show that challenges of the co-operative societies in entrepreneurship development of youth include weak financial strength, poor management, lack of managerial and technical know-how and fraud and financial malpractice. It was recommended among others that the youth should be encouraged to join co-operative society which will attract the attention of the government. Since most government policies revolves around the youth.
Keywords: Assessment of contributions, Co-operative societies, Development, Entrepreneurship among youth.
EFFECT OF GUIDED-INQUIRY ON MECHANISTIC REASONING IN MECHANISMS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REACTIONS AMONG COLLEGES OF EDUCATION CHEMISTRY STUDENTS, NORTH-WEST GEO-POLITICAL ZONE, NIGERIA.
1YOHANNA JAMAA BOK; 2JONATHAN AYUBA; & 3ALBERT AMBROSE
1, 2 & 3Chemistry Department, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan-Waya.
Abstract
The research was effect of Guided-Inquiry on Mechanistic Reasoning in Mechanisms of Organic Chemistry Reaction Mechanisms among State Colleges of Education Chemistry Students, North-west Geo-political Zone, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design was employed to generate data. The population of the study comprised of 3615 NCE II Chemistry students of seven state colleges of education. The sample of the population consist of fifty (50) male and forty nine (49) female students which were selected through random sampling techniques. The study had two objectives and in line with them two research questions were raised and two null hypotheses were formulated and tested. The instruments used for data collections was Test of Mechanistic Reasoning Ability in Organic Reaction Mechanism (TMRAORM). Inferential statistics of t-Test analysis and mean were used to analyze the data collected. There was significant difference in the mean score in mechanistic reasoning between experimental and control groups with t-cal value and p-value of .6257 and .0391 respectively at .05 level of significance. There was also significant difference in the mean score in mechanistic reasoning of male and female students in organic chemistry reaction mechanisms with (t – cal = 1.452, P = 0.043).Therefore, it was recommended that the government of sub-saharan Africa should design programmes and policies that will incorporate the use of guided-inquiry instructional strategy in teaching and learning of chemistry in tertiary institutions.
Keywords: Guided-Inquiry, Mechanistic Reasoning, Mechanism, Organic Reaction, SubSaharan Africa
EFFECT OF JOB STRESS ON ACADEMIC STAFF PERFORMANCE IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, NASARAWA, NASARAWA STATE – NIGERIA.
1AHMED ALIYU TANKO, 2MUSA ZAINAB OGUDU & 3YAKUBU SHEIK HALIRU.
1 Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria. 2Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State – Nigeria. 3College of Basics and Advance Studies Yelwa Yauri, Kebbi State – Nigeria.
Abstract
Academic staff are expected to perform their duties diligently to enhance academic activities in the institution by coming up with something good and unique but this is often not achieved in practice because job stressors like workload, technological changes, time pressure, health condition and low salaries have seriously impacted on performance of academic staff with an alarming increase of economic consequences. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of job stress on the performance of academic staff in Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa (FPN). Survey method was used and data was collected using a well structure questionnaire which was analyzed using Descriptive Statistics and Regression Analysis to test the formulated hypotheses with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22 for analysis of data and a sample of 220 respondents using Taro Yamane’s simplified formulae. The results showed that workload, technological changes, time pressure, health condition and low salaries are positively related to performance in FPN with statistical significance. The study concluded that job stressors affects academic performance in the institution. In light of these, it was recommended that management of the institution should ensure that job stress is reduce through training, delegation of authority, increase salary and timely payment of allowances and basic aids to curtail the stressor, employ qualify and professional academic staff to reduce the workload and academic staff should be made aware of any changes on the technology in use and give room for contributions to improve performance also, build recreational centre for relaxation to alleviate depression and anxiety.
Keywords: Employee, job, performance, stress and stressor.
THE CHALLENGES OF MAMBE WARD WOMEN IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN LAVUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
SOKOMBA JOSHUA
Registry Department, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria
Abstract
Agricultural production is a panacea to the development of any society, in terms of labour force participation, inputs/equipment and the resultant output. In Lavun Local Government of Niger State, Mambe ward women provide about 60 percent of agricultural labour force and about 70 percent of the food for family consumption. However, factors like patriarchy and lack of access to land among others have hindered women to achieve effective agricultural production. A survey method was used to effectively investigate the problems that affect Mambe ward women in Lavun Local Government area from effective participation in agricultural production. The source of information for this work was through primary instruments such as focus group discussions. The study revealed that Mambe ward women in the study area played a significant role in terms of food production, food processing and food preservation, which has helped in reduction of food shortage in the area. The study therefore recommended among others that there should be a redefinition of the Mambe ward cultural values in relations to males and female, where agricultural input should be as the disposal of both male and female folks.
Keywords: Development, Land, Patriarchy, Agricultural production, Participation, Mambe Ward
THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR) IN NIGERIAN COURTS: THE SHARI’AH (ISLAMIC LAW) COURTS IN PERSPECTIVE.
MARDHIYYAH MUNIR JA’AFAR
ABU, Zaria [Baze University, Abuja].
Abstract
Disputes are an inevitable part of human existence hence the placement of various mechanisms to address them. Litigation is primarily used as the means of resolving rights-based disputes through the court system and this used to be the preferred choice for lots of litigants. However, the issues and challenges inherent in litigation such as its high costs, series of adjournments as well as destruction of relationships gave rise to other options. To address these issues and challenges, alternative dispute resolution (ADR), which is a means of settling disputes out of the courtroom, is utilised widely due to its numerous advantages. Nigeria is not an exception to disputes and the problems inherent in the adversarial system of dispute resolution hence the resolve of the Nigerian legal system in utilising ADR in courts. Consequently, courts such as the High Courts, Customary Courts as well as the Shari’ah Courts utilise provisions that are geared towards amicable resolution of disputes and in the context of the Shari’ah Courts, mechanisms such as Sulh (conciliation) and Tahkeem (arbitration) are used. This paper considers the use of ADR in Shari’ah courts of Nigeria and adopts the doctrinal research methodology from available literature. It is found out that the Nigerian legal system recognises and encourages the use of ADR in courts, where appropriate. Accordingly, it is recommended that ADR should be encouraged by judges and that awareness needs needs to be raised on the benefits of ADR.
Keywords: Alternative-Dispute-Resolution-Shari’ah Courts-Nigeria
EVALUATION OF THE COOLING PERFORMANCE IN CONVENTION CENTRES; THUS REDUCING ENERGY DEMAND IN BUILDINGS IN NIGERIA
MENEGBE MICHEAL MAJIYEBO; & ZUBAIRU SARAH
Department of Architecture, School of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
Abstract
A lingering energy demand in buildings has become a difficult issue all over the world. More than 40% of energy consumption is due to buildings. With the need to improve indoor environmental quality and conditions various strategies and methods were applied in buildings. Cold countries been concerned about keeping the space warm, whilst countries with high temperatures are worried about keeping their spaces cooler. With exceptional increase in the utilization of artificial cooling mechanisms such as; air conditioning system, air coolers and fans for cooling in buildings. Increased energy consumption being one of the major reasons that have led to emission of greenhouse gases causing environmental pollution resulting to global warming and ozone layer depletion. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the cooling performance in convention centres; thus reducing energy demand in buildings in Nigeria, with a hypothesis placed that building orientation, location and regional temperature, will generally influence the effects of the cooling performance of convention centres, various cooling systems used in and within the building were determined, an evaluation of their performance was carried out to determine its effects. This research therefore embarked upon an empirical study of a convention centre in Minna Niger state with the view to explore the challenges of energy use with its antecedent challenges of both the building owners and the users, using qualitative research approach. This entail participants’ observation and conduct of interviews. The findings showed that the use of active cooling techniques involving mechanical energy in one or other forms are used to cool mainly the interior parts of the building (Air-Conditioning (A/C), Air handling units, Ceiling fans) which requires a power source, creating adverse effect on the environment by increasing energy used by these buildings, The research recommends that in designing for convention centres, the use of natural cooling methods and practices in buildings is least expensive, and it would mainly depend on interaction of building and its surrounding thereby reducing energy demand in buildings.
Keywords: Cooling Performance, Energy Demand, Environment
REVIEW OF UNIT COMMITMENT FOR ECONOMICAL OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEM
UMAR MOHAMMED 1, IDRISSA MOHAMMED GODOWOLI 2
1&2 Department of Electrical/ Electronic Engineering Technology, the Federal Polytechnic Damaturu.
Abstract
Unit commitment (UC) is an optimization problem used to determine the operation scheduled of the generating units at interval with varying loads under different constraints and environment. Many algorithms have been invented in the past decades for optimization of UC problem, but still researchers are working in this field to find new hybrid algorithm to make the more realistic. The important of UC increasing with constantly varying demand. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the power sector to keep track of the latest methodologies to further optimize the working criterions of the generating units. This paper focuses on providing clear review of the latest techniques employed in optimizing UC problems for stochastic and deterministic loads, which has been acquired from many review published paper. It has been divided in to many sections which include various constrains based on profit, security, emission and time. It emphasizes not only on de regulated and regulated environment but also on renewable energy and distributed generating systems. In term of contributions, the detailed analysis of all the UC algorithms has been discussed for the benefit of new researcher interested in working in this field.
Keywords– Unit commitment (UC), Optimization, deterministic load, stochastic load, evolutionary programming (EP), Hybrid
VARIATION IN THE SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER IN IDAH AND THEIR SUITABILITY ON THE HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE.
1DR. JOY ANWULI JEGEDE; **ANTHONY TINUFA; *ADAH PAUL DANLADI.
*Department of Urban and Regional Planning, the Federal Polytechnic, Idah, Kogi State. **Department of Estate Surveying and Valuation, the Federal Polytechnic, Idah. Kogi State.
Abstract
This study is designed to analyse the variation in the sources of drinking water and how they affect the human health in Idah. Water samples were collected from the various sources (Groundwater, River, Rain and Packaged water) of water and were subjected to laboratory analysis to detect the water parameters. One-way Analysis of Variance was then employed to analyse the result of the laboratory test in other to determine the relationship between the water sample parameters for both wet and dry seasons. Correlation Analysis was adopted to analyse the quality of the drinking water and the possible health problems that could emanate from the water sources. The result revealed that groundwater as well as borehole is the most common source of drinking water and that typhoid, diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, gastroenteritis and vomiting were the possible health problems that emanate from the various sources of drinking water consumed by the people of Idah with typhoid having the highest occurrence. It also revealed that there is a weak relationship among the different water-related diseases and that human activities and poor environmental management are the major causes of water pollution in the study area. The study however suggests that though the water is relatively safe for drinking, there is a need for proper hygiene and environmental management.
Keywords: Variation; Drinking Water; Health; Environmental Management
PROFILING LACCASE PRODUCING FUNGI FROM SOIL HABITAT
ABUBAKAR, F.S., AISHA, A. D., ALHASSAN, A. A.
Department of Biological Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State. Nigeria.
Abstract
This research work was carried out to profile laccase producing fungi from soil and water habitat. Samples were collected from different location from both soil and water. Laccase producing fungi were screen with mineral salt agar and supplemented in guiacol for 7 days. The isolates were Fusarium spp (39%), Aspergillus niger (15%), Aspergillus flavus (15%), Abisidia spp (15%), Rhizopus spp (8%) and Penicillium spp (8%). Laccase producing fungi were Rhizopus spp, fusarium sp and Aspergillus sp. In conclusion, Rhizopus spp, and Fusarium spp are good laccase producers and can be utilize in food preservation, and various industrial application.
Keywords: Laccase, Profiling, Fungi, Soil, Habitat.
LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF FEMALE STUDENTS STUDYING COMPUTER SCIENCE AT TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA USING STACKED AUTOENCODER AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
*SARATU HABU; *THOMAS LASS BARNA; & **ZAINAB ADAMU ALIYU
*Department of Computer Science Education, Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya, Kafanchan. **Department of Computer Science Education, Federal College of Education, Zaria
Abstract
This study investigates the under-representation of female gender in computer science education courses in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Several studies were carried out to explore the reasons for this gender imbalance in Computer Science program, but there has been limited data and research work to provide an exhaustive understanding of existing findings. This study applied a Mixed Research design to examine the learning experiences the famine gender studying Computer Science in Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan Waya and Federal College of provide an and Qualitative data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. A model was developed using Stalk Auto Encoder Deep Learning Network was developed and was simulated on MATLAB 2021a.The model was further evaluated using t test and classification performance metrics. The Cheryan et al. (2017) framework was also considered in evaluating the model. The findings shows that these students are capable and competent to study Computer Science thereby repudiating the assumptions of male chauvinism in that makes female students demotivated. The findings of the study recommend feminist pedagogy to enhance the learning experience of female learners in Computer Science.
Keywords: Computer Science, Gender imbalance, Female Students, Agentic learners, Stalk Autoencoder
MICROCONTROLLER-BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM: DESIGN, REALIZATION, AND EXPERIMENTATION
H.A MAHDI, YUNUSA, M. A., ZAHRADDIN UMAR DAHIRU, I. F. IBRAHIM., U. AMINU
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi,
ABSTRACT
Plants in specific regions of the world especially Africa are adversely affected by prevailing drought. Presently, the major concerns in the agricultural sector are; water and labor management. This work considers the design analysis of a low-cost microcontroller-based irrigation controller capable of managing irrigation for a small area of land-based on real-time values of soil moisture. The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is required. In particular, the microcontroller-based circuit device acts as an irrigation management controller through continuous monitoring of moisture content of the soil using FC 28 rain sensor, and comparing the values with two set reference threshold values; the upper limit, and lower limit, then induces the corresponding action required. When the soil moisture content goes below the lower-limit value set by the user, the system observes this and begins irrigation action. Results obtained show that this design is cost-effective, and guarantees efficient water supply and effective labor management. Also, irrigation test results show that the duration of spray largely depends on the soil texture, grass identity, and moisture content. In particular, the sprinkler irrigation method in loamy soil took longer than in sandy soil, while clay soil irrigation took the longest time.
Keywords: Draught, Microcontroller, Threshold, Irrigation, Moisture
ASSESSEMENT OF THE ROLE OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG YOUTH IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
MURITALA A. OLAOYE.; AISHA A. AMBI; & YOROKI J.TARILA.
Department of Co-operative Economics and Management, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna.
Abstract
This research work was conducted to assess the role of co-operative societies in the development of entrepreneurship among youth in Kaduna State. The following research questions guided the study were; What are the activities of co-operative societies in developing entrepreneurship attitude among youth in the study area? What are the challenges of the co-operative societies in entrepreneurship development of youth in the study area? Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed in selection of 201 co-operative members in Kaduna metropolis. A questionnaire was developed based on 5-point Likert scale to gather the data. Frequencies and simple percentages were used to analyze the respondent bio data while mean score was used based on the research questions. Research results show that the activities of co-operative societies in developing entrepreneurship attitude among youth includes assisting members in developing business plant, encouraging savings habit among youth, creating cheap and easy avenue for loans, providing socio-economic security to youth and creating awareness on self reliance e.t.c result also show that challenges of the co-operative societies in entrepreneurship development of youth include weak financial strength, poor management, lack of managerial and technical know-how and fraud and financial malpractice. It was recommended among others that the youth should be encouraged to join co-operative society which will attract the attention of the government. Since most government policies revolves around the youth.
Keywords: Assessment of role, Co-operative societies, Development, Entrepreneurship among youth.
EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON SOIL MICROBIAL DYNAMICS (AZOTOBACTER, ACTINOMYCETES, HETEROTROPHIC AEROBIC BACTERIA, ATHROBACTER, FUNGI)
HAMMA, I. I1, 2A. A, ALIERO, ABUBAKAR, M3, A. ABDULMALIK1 AND ELHASSAN ALIYU1
1Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Gombe State Polytechnic, PMB 0190, Bajoga, Gombe State, Nigeria. 2Department of Biological Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto. PMB 2346, Sokoto State, Nigeria. 3 Yobe State Environmental Protection Agency Damaturu (YOSEPA) PMB 1067 Yobe State Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Field studies were conducted to investigate the effect of herbicides on soil. Four groups of herbicides; 2,4 D-Calliherb, glyphosate and paraquat were used at the rate of 350 ml in 15 L sprayer while 3 kg/h for triazine powder. There were five treatments, each replicated five times and were laid down in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The herbicides were applied, and after seven days reading collection were started. Two way analysis of variance was used. Methods used in Microbial determination involved Ashby medium for Azotobacter isolation, agar medium for Actinomycetes and M9 mineral salt medium for Heterotrophic aerobic bacteria incubated at 30oC Azotobacter count (AZB) in triazine and 2,4-D Calliherb treated soil increased from 7th day to 28th day after treatment, which ranged from (7.4 x 103 to 14.55 x 103) and (8.3 x 102 to 14.78 x 103) CFU/g soil respectively. Similarly Azotobacter count was observed in paraquat and Glyphosate treated soil, which varies from (11.9 x 102 to 8.4 x 103) and (10.5 x 102 to 5.80 x 103) CFU/g soil respectively at (p<0.05). Results revealed that herbicides application significantly affected the activity of Azotobacter, Arthrobacter, heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungal population.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN FORCES ACTING ON A CARBON STEEL AND METAL MATRIX CONNECTING ROD
OKIGBO NONSO EMMANUEL; & ONYEMELIKEYA IFEOMA BLESSING
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to compare the results of the common forces acting on metal matrix composite connecting rod and the Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod and use the value of the result obtained to advance reasons why automotive application especially connecting rods are made by metal matrix composite materials. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) have emerged as a class of materials widely used in the engineering field. The general characteristics possessed by metal matrix composites are found to be the reason for using it in the automotive application in preference to high energy intensive metals. The research work commenced with casting of the metal matrix composite sample connecting rod by stir-casting method and purchasing the Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod. The two types of connecting rods were earlier tested on a Toyota starlet of 12 valve model E series live engine. Theoritical calculation of forces acting on the two types of connecting rod,ie, Regular (carbon steel) connecting rod, and MMC connecting rod was carried out and the result obtained are: 23760N,12672N,3.14×10-6N/m2,and84.7Mpa: 10464.8N,1358.53N,2.84×10 -6 N/m2 ,and 81.7Mpa respectively, show that stress induced in metal matrix connecting rod is lower than that of the regular(carbon steel connecting rod. Hence the replacement of connecting rod material with MMC will give improved strength and reduce induced stress in the structure.
Keywords: Connecting rod, MMCs, Stiffness. Stir- casting, Whipping stress.
ISOLATION OF HYDROCARBON UTILIZING BACTERIA FROM PETRO-CHEMICAL POLLUTED SOIL IN BAUCHI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA.
*ADAMU MOHAMMED TANIMU, MUHAMMAD YUSUF AND AMINA NDAIJI
Department of Biological Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State, Nigeria.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to isolate Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria from Petro- chemical polluted soil. A total of twenty-five soil samples were collected from five different mechanic workshop in Bauchi metropolis. The samples were bulked together to form one composite soil sample. The samples were examined for temperature, pH and moisture content. In this present study 13 bacteria genera were isolated by enrichment culture technique using nutrient agar, and utilization of hydrocarbon by the isolates were investigated on agar agar supplemented with 0.2ml refined petroleum products (Petrol, engine oil, diesel and kerosene). The isolated bacteria were characterized by morphological and biochemical test. Total hetrotrophic bacteria count ranged from 1.59 x 104 to 8.5 x 104 cfu/ml and total hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count ranged from 1.0 x 104 to 7.0 x 104 cfu/ml, the bacteria isolates found in all sample sites were mainly staphylococcus sp, Arthrobacter, flavobacterium and Alcaligens faecalis. The highest degradation performance was observed on micrococcus sp, pseudomonas sp and Bacillus sp and the lowest degradation performance was observed on staphylococcus sp, flavobacterium sp, and corynebacterium. The temperature values obtained from different petrochemical polluted soil during this investigation fall within mesophilic range and the pH of each soil sample tends from slightly acidic towards neutrality.
Keywords: Petro-chemical, Hydrocarbon, Bacteria and Degradation.
CAPITAL MARKET INDICATORS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
*AGUNUWA EKOKOTU VINCENT (Ph.D); *IGHOAGUONOR ONOVUGHE WILSON; & **JOHNSON-ITABITA PATIENCE (Ph.D)
*Department Of Banking And Finance, School Of Business Studies, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe Oghara. **Department Of Business Administration & Management, School Of Business Studies, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe Oghara
Abstract
The main objective of this paper was to empirically investigate the impact of capital market’s indicators on the level of economic growth in Nigeria during the period between 1980 -2020. The study used data collated from CBN Statistical Bulletin and annual report of Nigeria Bureau of Statistics, and Nigeria Stock Exchange, while Co-integration and it’s Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to analyze the data. The result of the descriptive statistics showed that GDP did not improved significantly during the period. Same was Market Capitalization but Initial Offers, Total Value Traded and All Shares Index improved significantly. The Johansen co-integration showed the evidence of long run co-integration which was also confirmed by the ECM result. The result revealed the speed of adjustment of about 73percent. The Granger causality test showed that there was unilateral causality relationship that ran from MCAP to GDP and not the reverse. This suggested that it was changes that occurred in MCAP that brought about the changes in GDP and was not the reverse. But there was no causality effect of IPOs, TVT, ASI and GDP. To determine the impact of the indicators on GDP the impulse response check test was conducted. The impulse response result revealed that one period standard deviation shock on MCAP had a positive impact on GDP. Same was IPOs, TVT, and ASI respectively, Based on the results of the findings, the paper recommended amongst others that there should be an active participation of the real sector, the Government and her Agencies in the market through the issuance of bonds, to increase Initial Offerings, Total Value Traded, All Share Index as well as market capitalization for a robust involvement of the market in the growth of the economy.
Keywords; Economic Growth, Market Capitalization, Gross Domestic Product, Real Domestic Product, Error Correction Model
BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES, A SOLUTIONS TO THE DESERT ENCROACHMENT IN THE SAVANNAH REGIONS OF NIGERIA FOR ADEQUATE FOOD SECURITY BY
BALA IBRAHIM
Jigawa State Polytechnic Dutse
ABSTRACT
The impact of desert encroachment is significant in developing countries such as Nigeria. Some northern Savannah states are affected by desert encroachment and the economy of the states is predominantly agriculture and fundamentally depends on the vagaries of weather, however, it has been difficult for Nigeria to take advantage of this environmental menace because of the lack of adequate technology to convert negative aspects of their environment to best uses, It affects people directly and indirectly via its devastating effects on the farmland which in turn causes a lot of socio-economic problems. The methodology that was used in this research work is divided into stages which include existing data and case studies. On bioremediation technique, four case studies were selected in Nigeria, for comparison and analysis, the first one was Zauro, Kebbi state, the state was now the largest state that produced rice in the country according to Federal Government report 2016, and some systems of increasing the soil fertility were through bioremediation technique using organic manure and fishing wastewater, the second case study was Kura local government of Kano state, the system of bioremediation used in the production of rice and maize in the area was, the farmers allowed the waste of the harvested crops to decay in the farm in both rain season farming and the irrigation farming, some of the farmers set fire on the waste to become ash which restores minerals to the farm, the third case study was in Birniwa and Maigatari where the people in the area uses ashes from their houses, human defecation and generated carbon, the soil in these areas restore minerals that allow good growth of plants. All methods for soil regeneration related to the case studies were adopted by incorporating bioregional planning for the study area through the central collection of major town’s defecation, central town collection of ashes, evacuation of existing septic tanks and pit latrines for bioremediation, planting of economic trees, economic crops and planting of grasses along the cattle routes, the introduction of integrated farms, creation of oasis, green school initiative and massive irrigation system to enhance biodiversity for the people of the study area, this will lead to the conducive environment because the economy of the area will rapidly grow.
Key Words: Bioremediation, Biodiversity, Desert encroachment, Landscape planning
MICROCONTROLLER BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM: DESIGN, SIMULATION AND REALIZATION
H.A MAHDI, A. ABUBAKAR
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi,
ABSTRACT
Plants in specific regions of the world especially Africa are adversely affected by prevailing draught. Presently, the major concerns in agricultural sector are; water and labor managements. This work considers the design analysis of a low-cost microcontroller-based irrigation controller capable of managing irrigation for a small area of land based on real-time values of soil moisture. The method employed is to continuously monitor the soil moisture level to decide whether irrigation is required. In particular, the microcontroller based circuit device performs the action of irrigation management through continuous monitoring of moisture content of the soil, and comparing the values with two set reference values; the upper-limit, and lower-limit, then induces the corresponding action required. When the soil moisture content goes below the lower-limit value set by the user, the system observes this and begins irrigation action. Results obtained show that this design is cost-effective, and guarantees efficient water supply and effective labor management. Also, irrigation test results show that the duration of spray largely depends on the soil texture, grass identity and moisture content. In particular, sprinkler irrigation method in loamy soil took longer than in sandy soil, while clay soil irrigation took the longest time.
Keywords: Draught, Microcontroller, Irrigation, Moisture
ANALYSES OF RISK COPING STRATEGIES AMONG SMALL SCALE SOYBEAN FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
ALIM SEMIYU ABDULRAZAQ; KURSUM OHUNENE MUHAMMAD; & ZAINAB OYIZA AUDU
Department of Agricultural Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
ABSTRACT
This research examined the risk management strategies among small scale soybean farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria, with the aim of generating reliable information on the sources of risk and risk management strategies among small scale soybean farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed in selection of 210 soybean farmers in the study Area. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse socio economic characteristics, the sources and risk management strategies of soybean farmers in the study area. Some of the important findings from research are: The result revealed that average age household heads was 42 years which means that the majority of the soybean farmers in the study area were relatively young. Soybean farmers were faced with a number of risks that militated against their production in the study area. The results revealed that the majority (43.3%) of soybean farmers in Kaduna State had their soybean affected by erratic rainfall. Social risk (economic shock), the results revealed that 36% of the soybean farmers in Kaduna State had their farms invaded by cattle. Economic risk such as insufficient supply of seed (58.6%) which resulted mostly in reduced output was a major source of economic risk. Production risk, Soybean farmers in Kaduna State rated high cost of fertilizer, untimely supply of fertilizer and poor soil as the three most important sources of production risk. Other sources were technical, policy and human risk. However, devised different risk management strategies to prevent, reduce and cope with the different sources of risk. The results revealed that risk prevention strategies were planting of other crops, planting of improved varieties, diversify to off-farming activities, farm on different land/field and insurance. In the study area, majority (70.4%) prevent risk by planting of improved varieties. Risk coping strategies refer to borrowing, savings/Adashe(cash contribution), off-farm income and selling assets. Overall, soybean farmers (42.8%) majority used savings/Adashe(cash contribution) to cope with the risk in the study area. And Risk reducing strategies were necessarily risk management tools used by most farmers. In the study area, the most important is the used of fertilizer (44.8%). The findings show that soybean farmers in the study area were facing different types of risk in soybean production. Soybean farmers devised management strategies to prevent risk. the problem of production risk for example, could be addressed through technology change, such as breeding for drought tolerance, resistance to pests and diseases.
Keywords: sources of risk, risk management strategies and soybean farmers
INCREASE IN CONSTRUCTION COST OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPER’S PROFIT IN UYO.
*EKPO, MBOSOWO EBONG; **ATTAI, HOSANNA MOSES; & ***USIP, EDIDIONG ELIJAH
*Department of Estate Management and Valuation, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene. Akwa Ibom State. **Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene. Akwa Ibom State. ***Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene. Akwa Ibom State.
Abstract
This research examines the effects of increase in construction cost on developer’s profit in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. In order to achieve the stated aim, the objectives were to examine the average increase in construction cost of residential real estate investment in the study area, to analyse the developer’s profit of residential real estate investment in the study area and to ascertain the effects of increase in construction cost of residential real estate investment on the developer’s profit in the study area. The research work adopted the cross-sectional survey type of design. The research population comprised residential real estate investments duly appraised by Estate Surveyors and Valuers who have offered professional services in the study area. Data was obtained through questionnaire survey. The sample size was 500. Findings from the study revealed that the average construction cost in the study area increased by 28.4%. the study also found out that the 24.8% increase in the cost of construction affected the developer’s profit by leading to a loss of N1,551,861.97. The investment information provided in this study has significant implications for both local and foreign investors desiring to invest in the Nigerian property market and it is a useful resource for Sub-Sahara African growth and development in this era.
Keywords: Construction cost, residential real estate, investment, developer’s profit, Uyo
FORMAL REASONING: A PREDICTOR OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG CHEMISTRY STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS WITHIN KAFANCHAN METROPOLIS
YOHANNA JAMAA BOK; ALBERT AMBROSE; & HINDATU MAIKUDI
Chemistry Department, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan-Waya.
Abstract
The research was on formal reasoning: a predictor of academic achievement among chemistry students in secondary schools within kafanchan metropolis. The study employed co-relational survey design. The population of the study consisted of 411 students in 11 public and private senior secondary schools within Kafanchan metropolis, Kaduna state. The sample size consisted of five schools with a total of 149 SSII Chemistry students. The five schools were selected by simple random sampling technique using draw-from-the-hat method. Two research instruments were used for the study; Group Assessment of Logical Thinking (GALT) and Chemistry Achievement Score (CAS). There was positive correlation in formal reasoning ability and achievement in chemistry among SS II chemistry students. Formal reasoning ability proves to be strong predictor of achievement in chemistry. Therefore, it was recommended that the Science teachers should encourage students to develop strong reasoning ability towards science so as to perform better in natural sciences, since formal reasoning ability correlated well with achievement in chemistry. As teachers plan chemistry lessons, tests and examinations reasoning ability, skills and capabilities of the students should be put into consideration.
Keywords: Formal Reasoning, Predictor, Academic Achievement, Logical Thinking, Reasoning Ability.
HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS: THE ROLES OF SCHOOL MANAGERS
YUSUF UMAR
Department of Educational Foundations, School of Education, Federal College of Education (Tech) Bichi, Kano State
Abstract
Human resources management is an integral part of overall management of the school. Therefore, this paper examines the role of school managers in the management of human resources in Nigerian schools. The paper describes the concept of management, human resources, human resources management and the needs of human resources in schools. The paper posits that staff training development, staff motivation, staff supervision, records keeping and managing conflict are among the techniques of managing human resources in schools. It also considered planning, organizing, directing, supervising and evaluation as the functions of school managers. The paper identifies the challenges of human resources management in school as management practice, finance, managing diversity, staffing and performance appraisal. This paper therefore suggests that, School managers should acquire adequate skills of management and work to the best of their knowledge without fear or favour, Government should provide adequate funds to ensure regular training, retraining of staff and building infrastructure for staff and students wellbeing also the School managers should improve human relationship; each staff understand the others better, regardless of the differences among them.
Keywords: Human Resources, School, School manager, Management
SKILL ORIENTED BUSINESS EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVERS IN NORTHERN STATE; REMEDIES FOR YOUTH RESTIVENESS IN NIGERIA
CHUKWU CHIBUGO HAPPINESS
School of Secondary Education (Business), Federal College of Edecation (Tech.) Bichi, Kano State
Abstract
This paper focused on entrepreneurial skills acquired through business education at the secondary school level. It also examined the content of the curriculum of business and technology that relates to skills acquisition, model for business entrepreneurial education curriculum. The research recommends among others that there should be adequate sensitization campaign on skills acquisition, effective implementation of business entrepreneurship education programme at the secondary school level and provision of fund by the government to the graduating entrepreneurial students.
LEUKEMIA (A REVIEW)
OBI, P.U.; IDRIS, I.; AND NMA, ETSU MUSA
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied and Natural Sciences, the Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 55, Bida, Niger State.
ABSTRACT
Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infections. It is caused as a result of large number of abnormal increase of white blood cells in bone marrow. According to the predominant type of white blood cells, the course of leukemia can be classified majorly into acute and chronic types. Acute leukemia gets worse very fast, where as chronic leukemia gets worse slowly. Leukemia can be subdivided into various types based on the type of affected blood cells. Though the exact cause of this disease has not really been discovered, it is scientifically believed that it occurs when some blood cells undergo mutation in their genetic material (DNA). The signs and symptoms associated are pains, fatigue, bleeding, dizziness, fever and others. Treatments include, chemotherapy, radiation, stem-cell transplant and others. Though it can be fatal, but with early diagnosis and proper treatment, it can be put to remission. However, the actual cause of leukemia is still unknown, it can be prevented by avoiding exposure to solvents and X-rays. Awareness of the risk factors and symptoms are very important especially for people with the family history.
Keywords: Leukemia, Predominant, Chemotherapy, Radiation, Cell-transplant
PREVALENCE OF TYPHOID FEVER AMONG THE STUDENT OF GOMBE STATE POLYTECHNIC BAJOGA (GSPB)
ABDULMALIK ADAMU; EL-HASSAN ALIYU; MOHAMMED UMAR; & ISHAKA IBRAHIM HAMMA
Department of science Laboratory Technology, Gombe State polytechnic, PMB 0190 Bajoga, Gombe State.
ABSTRACT
Typhoid fever is a systematic diseases caused by salmonella typhi. Typhoid fever is Bacterial disease transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected person. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of typhoid fever among the students of Gombe state polytechnic Bajoga. A total of 202 blood samples were collected randomly from both male and female students of Gombe State polytechnic, the blood samples were tested for salmonella antigen using Widal test. Out of the 202 samples, 85 (42.08%) samples were positive for Salmonella typhi infection. The gender distribution showed that the prevalence was higher in male students (33.66%) than the female students (8.41%). The infection was highest in the age group of 20-23 years which had 55.94% prevalence. The lowest prevalence was observed in the age group 36-38 years with 0.49%. The prevalence of typhoid fever is generally high in the polytechnic. Therefore, proper sanitary measures should be observed by the students in the polytechnic. The result was proved by the Widal test in the diagnosis of Salmonella typhi infection. This study will provide the school administration adequate knowledge on the infection and serve as a guide in proffering solution to prevent further spread of the disease in the institution. It is recommended that routine screening of students and food handlers in the polytechnic community is advocated and infected persons should immediately seek medical attention for treatment and also every individual should ensure proper safety hygiene.
Keywords: Typhoid Fever, Salmonella typhi, Prevalence
INTEGRATION OF FLEXIBLE DESIGN TECHNIQUES IN THE DESIGN OF A MIXED-USE BUILDING IN ABUJA CBD FCT.
ABDULSALAM M.; AND EZE, J. C.
Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State. Nigeria
ABSTRACT
As the needs of owners and residents change, buildings often need to be refurbished, resulting in high costs during construction and loss of use of the building. Most new building projects are focused on a specific program for which they are perfectly suitable. However in these economically difficult times we need buildings that can easily adapt to changes in the market in order to prolong their durability. Combining living and working gives a lot of planning problems, because the two functions both need other qualities of a space. But living and working merge more and more together the last couple of decades. In addition to that the cycle of building and demolishing buildings is starting to become a big problem as well. This study develops a systematic approach to studying the properties of Analysis of expected changes in the facility constructed and specific design strategies that may increase significantly the flexibility or ability to adapt to changes in the building. Three types of changes to the building are in its function, the capacity of the system, and the environment and flow of people in and around the Building. Analysis of refurbishment to the project shows that the building needs more changes to all systems which means, structure, enclosures, services, interior finishes). Generally accepted, the difficulty of these modifications is determined by the interrelationships between the factors and system. Design strategies can provide specific means to change these interactions between systems. Easily and efficiently compensate for changes during later refurbishment. These design strategies increase the initial value Construction costs average less than 2%, usually reducing the original construction time and in most cases this strategy will reduce the initial construction cost by 2% for the first refurbishment.
Keywords: Mixed used, Flexibility, adaptability, Design Strategies