TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (TIJSRAT)
VOL. 10 (9) AUGUST, 2022 EDITION. ISSN: 2623-7861
Published by:
TIMBOU-AFRICAN ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS,
Centre for African Development Studies, Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria.
CYBER SECURITY AS AN EFFECTIVE DETERMINANT TOOL FOR POLICE INVESTIGATION IN NIGERIA
SULAIMAN USMAN DAN-GHANI; SAHALU BALARABE JUNAIDU; A.A. OBINIYI; & MUSTAPHA AMINU BAGIWA
Department of Computer Science, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Crime is an inevitable part of human behavior, Crime is an act of omission or commission which renders the person involve in the act liable to punishment under any order in council, ordinance and law. The phenomenon, “crime” has been a major subject of private and public concern throughout human history, no society is free of crime. However, the question is how much of it can a society tolerate. This paper focused on cyber security as effective determinant tools for police investigation in Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions and descriptive survey design was used. The data used was a primary data collected through structured questionnaire. The population of the study consists of 1,172 male and 1,128 female police officers across the selected Police Station in the six geopolitical regions in Nigeria. The sample data was analyzed using Taro Yamen formular. The findings revealed that Cyber security system have a significant effect on crime investigation in Nigeria and that Cyber security system have a significant effect on crime reduction in Nigeria. From the analysis, the researcher recommends that Nigerian police should make use of cyber security system in order to reduce crime in the society.
Keywords: Crime, Cyber, security, Police, Investigation, Revolution.
SECURED VIDEO WATERMARK SCHEME USING DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM (DWT) AND ATTRIBUTE BASED ENCRYPTION (ABE) ALGORITHM
*SAMSON ISAAC; **MARGRET SAMUEL SADUS; ***SARATU HABU; ***BARNA THOMAS LASS; & ****JACOB ISAAC
*Department of Computer Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria. **Department of Commercial Law, Ministry of Justice, Kaduna, Nigeria. ***Department of Computer Science, Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan-Waya Kaduna, Nigeria. ****Department of Agriculture Education, Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan-Waya, Kaduna, Nigeria,
ABSTRACT
The widespread usage of the internet in recent years has made it possible for authors to share their content in digital form. The development of digital multimedia technology is evident in internet and wireless applications. The unauthorized duplication of videos without the owner’s permission has been caused by the use of online video content that has been downloaded through the World Wide Web. To remedy this issue, several watermarking strategies were put forth, whereby a watermark is concealed in the video as proof of ownership. This study applies Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) method and Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE), to develop a more secure video watermark model using a video clip with 210 frames of size 352 x 288 and an image of 18 KB size. The model was subjected to several attacks and the result obtained showed a more robust and secured watermarking system.
Keyword: Discrete Wavelet Transform, Attribute-Based Encryption, Watermark, High-Efficiency Video Coding, Two-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS
*ABBAS BABAYARO; **ABDULRAHMAN ABDULKARIM; ***HABIB SHEHU JIBRIN; & *BABANI SANI
*Department of Mathematical Sciences, School of Science, Bauchi State University, Gadau. **Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi. ***Department of Computer Science, School of Science, Federal Polytechnic, Kaltungo.
ABSTRACT
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) conflates independent nodes which converse with the aid of wireless channels without established network rudiments and any centralized administration. Routing protocols help in supporting communication by unveiling routes between nodes, consequently playing a significant role in the entire performance of MANETs. Many routing protocols for MANETs were explored by research enthusiasts to understand how they could effectively and efficiently transmit data. Good understanding of these routing protocols is important in understanding how the MANETs work. This paper extrapolated some commonly used MANET routing protocols viz: Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR), Ad-hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV. Network Simulator (NS-3) was used in simulating and evaluating the performance of the protocols under varying scenarios, where, scalability, mobility and speed of nodes experience changes dynamically. The outcome justifies that DSR has the most favourable performance in terms of mobility and speed of the nodes, while OLSR works better than the other protocols in terms of scalability.
Keywords: MANET, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio, Network Simulator, Dynamic Source Routing
THE ROLE OF EXCHANGE RATE ON ECONOMIC RECESSION IN NIGERIA
GEORGE, LAURETTA EMUGHA
Department of Mathematics, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study adopted intervention model to model the monthly United Stated Dollar/Nigerian Naira(NGN) exchange rate in recession. The data was sourced from the website of the central bank of Nigeria (cbn.org) and from the period of January 2012 to May 2017. The point of intervention is spotted at T=17 and was characterized by step function. The pre-intervention plot indicates that there was an initial negative trend and later an upshot to positive trend which did not favour the Naira. The plot also revealed that the pre-intervention rates are non- stationary but after the first difference occurred it became stationary. The ACF and the PACF of the differenced exchange rate data indicated a white noise pattern. The difference between the forecast and the post-intervention series was modeled after the intervention transfer function and was seen to be statistically significant which indicated the model adequacysss. The comparison of the intervention forecasts and the post intervention data showed a close agreement between the curves is a testimony to the correctness on the intervention model thereby making the model fit to be used to help strengthen the Nigerian Naira. Therefore, recommended that the government should come up with a stable monetary policy that can be able to with stand the wave in the foreign market in order to avoid further recession period in Nigeria.
Keywords: Intervention modelling, exchange rate, economic recession
FINANCIAL BASED UNIVERSITY TOKEN WITH ETHEREUM REQUEST FOR COMMENT SMART CONTRACT
AKINOLA KAYODE E.; MUSTAPHA ABIODUN.; OYEDELE SANYA.; AINA DANIEL; & OMODEINDE FERDINAND
Department of Physical and Computer Science, McPherson University, Seriki-Sotayo,Ogun State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The advancement of digital transformation has also obviously prompted the birth of fintech (financial technology) efforts, which are often regarded as some of the most significant developments in the financial industry. However, research in the subject of fintech is still in its early stages. Fintech services include funding, payment (including electronic wallets), e-aggregators, e-trading, and e-insurance, as well as cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum and the upcoming trend in the establishment of the MetaVerse or NFTs(Non-fungible token). This study aims at: showing the current trends in fintech, its strength, application, and weakness and developing Financial Based University Token using “react javascript toolkit” for constructing a simple token wallet for token transfer with the help of the “Metamask”. The study was able to achieve a high success rate during implementation by generating token and connecting to major wallets such as Binance and Trust wallet.
Keywords: Bitcoin, blockchain, cryptocurrency, ethereum, financial, technology, university
EFFECTS OF JIGSAW STRATEGY ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND RETENTION OF SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS’ IN CONCEPT OF BIOLOGY AT JOS NORTH PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
JOHN, RACHEAL ABIKE (DARAMOLA, SIEKPE)
Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of Jos
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of Jigsaw strategy on the academic achievement and retention of senior secondary school students in Biology in Jos North Local Government area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test group design was used for the study involving the experimental and control groups. 1,196 SS II students of Biology constituted the population of the study where 196 were sampled and assigned as experimental and control groups as intact classes. School A was selected as the control group with 165 students consisted of 68 participants with 38 male students and 30 female and School B with 97 students was selected as the experimental group with 58 males and 39 females for the study. A Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was used for Data collection. Findings from the study indicated a gap between the students taught using the Jigsaw strategy and those taught using the lecture method in favour of the Jigsaw method. Recommendations were made on bridging the gap between the use of teacher-centred and student-centred pedagogical approach to improve the teaching and learning of biology in senior secondary schools in the area of study.
Keywords: Biology, achievement, retention, Jigsaw IV, gender and lecture method.
APPLICATION OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES AND HOLT WINTERS EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING MODELLING APPROACHES IN AIRLINES PASSENGERS’ TIME SERIES FORECASTING
1ALHAJI ISMAILA SULAIMAN; 2MOHAMMED SALISU ALFA; & 1ABUBAKAR MUHAMMAD AUWAL,
1Department of Statistics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Nasarawa State. 2Department of Statistics, The Federal Polytechnic, Bida. Niger State
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and statistical methods which are support vector machine (SVM) and Holt Winters Exponential Smoothing (HW) models respectively in time series forecasting. The aim of this paper is to examine the feasibility of applying the two models to airlines passenger’s data so as to determine the more efficient among the two models. These two models are very important in the field of time series forecasting, SVM deals with linear data while HW deals with nonlinear patterns. The results indicate that using the criteria evaluation performance HW model has Mean Square Error (MSE) of 996.10, Mean Average Error (MAE) of 44.64 and coefficient of correlation (R) of 0.75 while SVM model has MSE of 925.922, MAE of 25.24 and R of 0.89. These results show that using the time series for the airlines passenger, SVM model is the most efficient having the least error of performance and the highest coefficient of correlation. SVM model has therefore proved to be superior to the HW model and therefore recommended to be used in forecasting the airlines passengers’ data because of its advantage over HW model to forecast the airlines passengers’ data.
Keywords: SVM, HW, Time series, Forecasting, Airlines Passengers’
BIOMETRIC FACE RECOGNITION BASED SOCIAL PARTY ADMISSION AUTHENTICATION AND SECURITY SYSTEM USING FIDUCIAL POINT DISTANCE CORELATION NEAREST NEIGHBOR (FPD-CNN) ALGORITHM
D.A. ADENIYI; D.K. SALAHUDEEN; & L. MOHAMMED
Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna polytechnic, Tudun wada, Kaduna, Kaduna, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Back from ages, celebration by way of social parties has been a way of making human beings happy and merry. People travel long and short distance to attend social party in order to meet and socialize with family and friend, as well as making new friends, merry and be happy together. However, of late, social parties has been threatened with all forms of insecurities associated with terrorism bombing, kidnapping, proliferation of identity, identify theft to mention just a few. In order to prevent this ugly trend, adequate security measures have to be put in place. To this effect, the present work presents the design and realization of a biometric face recognition based social party’s admission authentication and security system using, a novel machine learning algorithm referred to as Fiducial Points Distance Correlations nearest neighbor (FPD-CNN) model. The present system is a multi-layered architecture system which consist of the data capturing and invitation layer, the image pre-processing layer, the entrance face mining and identification layer and the party security and monitory layer. The implementation of the FPD-CNN algorithm was done using an In-house developed application with python program by adopting the Open CV library at different module of the code. A thorough presentation of the experimented results was carried out and the results show that the adoption of the present model has the capability to perform continuous re-identification of the socials party guest with good degree of accuracy of about 70% with low computed complexity.
Keywords: Social party, Security Biometric, Face recognition, Fiducial Points, Correlation
INFLUENCE OF COMPUTER TRAINING ON TECHNICAL TEACHERS’ NEEDS IN TEACHING TECHNICAL DRAWING IN TECHNICAL COLLEGES IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
*YAKMUT, PILERA HAMIDU; & **GOTIP, MORGAK
*College of Health Technology Pankshin, Plateau State, Nigeria. **Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The study looked at how computer training affected technical teachers’ requirements for teaching technical drawing in technical colleges in Nigeria’s Plateau State. The study was led by four research questions and objectives. Based on the study questions posed, four additional hypotheses were also presented. All eleven (11) Technical Drawing Teachers from Technical College, Bukuru made up the study’s population. The sample chosen was made up of the population because it is a manageable population. Purposive sampling was the technique that was employed. To gather data, a 21-item questionnaire with an internal consistency of 0.81 was administered to five Technical Drawing Teachers from the Government Science School, Kuru, Jos South, who were not included in the sample. The study issues were addressed using the mean statistic, and the Pearson’s correlation was employed to test the hypothesis at a significance level of 0.05. All four of the null hypotheses were disproved. The results showed that there was a very high positive link between instructors’ performance in teaching technical drawing and their usage of application software (CAD), internet facilities, peripheral equipment, and CAD facilities. The study suggests, among other things, that workshops and seminars be held for technical drawing instructors on the use of application software (CAD) for technical illustration instruction.
Keywords: Computer Training, Influence, Needs, Teaching and, Technical Drawing
PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM (Chrysophyllum albidum) SEEDS
JAMILU, M.A., ATIKU, M.A., AISHA, A., IJAIYA, I.S., LAWAL, H.A.
1Department of Science Education, College of Science and Technology, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnics, Birnin kebbi,Kebbi State. 2Department of Microbiology, Usman Danfodio University Sokoto.
ABSTRACT
Studies on bio-ethanol production using Crysophyllum albidum seed as substrates were conducted. C. albidum seed powder was subjected to hydrolysis using A. niger and the amount of reducing sugar liberated was monitored using benedict method while bio-ethonol concentration using Saccharomyces cereviaes and amount of bio-ethanol concentration liberated was monitored using U.V-visible spectrophotometer. The results obtained from the test for reducing sugar were recorded as follows:47.36mmol/1, 43.30mol/, 51.63mmol/1 respectively. Ethanol produced was recorded at interval of 1 day after the fermentation. The ethanol yields were as follows: 0.122%. 0.209%. 0.146%, 0.172% and 0.4458 percent respectively. Day five gave maximum yield of bio-ethanol while minimum yield was on day 1. The results suggest that. C. albidum seed could be harnessed for the production of bio-ethanol, considering the appreciable bio-ethanol yield.
Keywords: Bio-ethanol, seeds, Sokoto, reducing sugar, fermentation. lignocelluloses materials.
REVIEW OF RECOMMENDER SYSTEM: TAXONOMY AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
DR MUHAMMAD ALIYU; DR ILIYA MUSA ADAMU; & SUNUSI ABDULHAMID DANTATA
Computer science Department, Federal polytechnic Bauchi.
ABSTRACT
Recommendation systems play an increasingly important role in online web services for the personalization and recommendation of content to individual users. The quantity and quality of user-based information have progressed, and present an opportunity to further tailor recommendations to users. The dynamic nature of data and the velocity at which cloud applications and mobile devices need, necessitate an efficient recommendation strategy. The recommendation system has been a subject of discussion in recent years in order to improve accuracy and prediction among others. The objective of this paper is to review the existing recommendation techniques and develop a taxonomy that will enable researchers to understand and select a technique as a basis for recommendation mechanisms. In this research five (5) recommendation approaches have been studied based on 33 articles related to the area. The characteristics of the recommender system have been studied and analyzed based on their requirements and the dataset used. Seven (7) requirements were used forthe research such as accuracy of prediction, scalability, sparsity, cold start, diversity, precision, and recall. The research observes that most researches focus more on addressing the accuracy of prediction, sparsity, precision, and recall with less attention on scalability, cold start, and diversity. The research uncover some key future topics that can improve the progress and implementation of the recommender system.
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KABBA/BUNU L.G.A KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
AJAKAIYE OLATUNBOSUN BOLASHADE
Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, Kogi State Polytechnic,. Itakpe
ABSTRACT
Assessment of Nutritional status among farming household were investigated in Kabba/Bunu Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. A two – stage sampling procedure was used to select 150 farming households from the study area using Purposive selection and random sampling. Personal interviews, structured questionnaire and anthropometric indices such as height, weight, arm circumference and skin fold diameter were used to measure indicators like underweight, stunting and wasting responses in children. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the socio economic characteristics and level of prevalence of malnutrition among farming households. The logit models was employed to examine the determinants of malnutrition and factors affecting level of malnutrition in the study area. The result showed that socio-economic characteristics such as age of child, sex of child, educational level of household heads and their spouses; and access to toilet facility were significant on underweight, stunting and wasting. The result on the anthropometric measurement showed that daily calorie intake and access to clean water were significant on the children underweight in the study area indicating 35% underweight, 30% wasting and 35% normal. About 66% of the farming households had access to well water, 21% had access to bore-hole, implying a negative effect on underweight. Majority of farming households do not have access to safe water and are susceptible to illnesses like diarrhea, ascariasis (Roundworm), Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm), Schistosomiasis and Trachoma. The results also showed that no child was stunted; this is because the stunting effect of malnutrition is visible only at the advanced stage. Calorie intake was significant on all the malnutrition indices, as a key determinant of malnutrition in the study area. Staple food intake which was measured in calories showed that about 48% of the Farming households consume cereals, tubers and legume foods which contains 4 calories per gram compared to fatty foods which contains 7 calories per gram. The study concludes that malnutrition indices is prevalent in the study area and the cummulative effect of malnutrition among rural farming households may reduce their farm Productivity. Policies targeted at providing basic amenities, farming household access to food and sanitary facilities were recommended.
Keywords: Nutritional status, underweight, stunting, wasting, farming households, illnesses, anthropometric measurement, calorie, Logit Model.
PREVALENCE OF COCCIDIA IN SHEEP AT THE BAUCHI ABATTOIR, INKIL, BAUCHI STATE
IBRAHIM FRIDAY SULE; DEDA GAYI KINGSLEY; & NGERI MARK ADAMU
INTRODUCTION
Coccidiosis is a disease that destroys the intestinal mucosa which is caused by the protozoa parasites of the genus Eimera or Isospora species. The symptoms include diarrhoea, fever, weight loss, emaciation and consequently, death. Many infections are subclinical (that is, not severe enough to cause readily observable symptoms). Coccidiosis is an economically important disease of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry and also rabbits, in which the liver and intestine are affected. In dogs, cats, and horses, coccidiosis is less often diagnosed but can result in clinical illness…
CYBER CRIME; THREAT AND PREVENTION
*MA’AMUN MUHAMMED; & **SHAMSUDDEEN SURAJO
*Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State, Nigeria. **Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Daura, Katsina State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Over the years, the alarming growth of the internet and its wide acceptance has led to increase in security threats. In the world to-day, several internet assisted crimes known as cybercrimes are committed daily in various forms such as fraudulent electronic mails, pornography, identity theft, hacking, cyber harassment, spamming, Automated Teller Machine spoofing, piracy and phishing. Cybercrime is a threat against various institutions and people who are connected to the internet either through their computers or mobile technologies. The exponential increase of this crime in the society has become a strong issue that should not be overlooked. The impact of this kind of crime can be felt on the lives, economy and international reputation of a nation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the prominent cybercrimes carried out in the various sector and presents a brief analysis of. In conclusion, detection, threat and prevention techniques are highlighted in order to combat cybercrimes.
Keywords: internet, crime, cybercrime, identity theft, hacking, spamming, ATM, phishing e.t.c.
INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY OF GROWING RABBITS (ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULLUS) OFFERED CORN COB-BASED DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH FEED ADDITIVES
T A ADEOSUN1*, A. O. GANIYU2, R. B. FATAI3, V. A. ADEPEGBA4, J. B. ADEOGUN5 AND O. A. ABU6
1&2Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi, Department of Agricultural Education, Kano State, Nigeria. 3Federal College of Education, Kano, Department of Agricultural Education, Kano State, Nigeria. 4, 5 & 6University of Ibadan, Animal Science Department, Oyo State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
A ten-week feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of corn cob-based diet supplemented with feed additives on intestinal morphology of growing rabbits. Forty eight growing rabbit bucks of mixed breeds (New Zealand White x Chinchilla), weighing 642.01±4.99g were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments at three replicates of four rabbits each in a completely randomized design. Diet 1 ((Basal, corn cob-based diet with no additive), diet 2 [Basal diet + Probiotic (Bactofort® at 500g/ton)], diet 3 {Basal diet + Exogenous Enzyme (Cellulase at 500g/ton)} and diet 4 {Basal diet + Symbiotic (Bactofort® at 500g/ton + Cellulase at 500g/ton)}. While there was no significant difference in villus width, and ratio of villus height to crypt depth across the treatments in the duodenum, the observed values for villus height, crypt depth and muscle thickness followed similar pattern with the values recorded in all the treatments fed supplemented diets higher (P<0.05) than the control. Duodenal crypt width was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the groups fed probiotic, and probiotic + enzyme treated diets than control, the value obtained for enzyme treated group was however similar to control. In the ileum, diet supplementation with feed additives did not significantly influence the observed values for crypt depth, crypt width, and ratio of villus heigjht to crypt depth. Meanwhile, the results showed that corn cob-based diet supplemented with fed additives significantly (P<0.05) improved villus height and muscle thickness. Ileal villus width was statistically similar (P>0.05) between the treatments fed probiotic, and probiotic + enzyme treated diets and higher than control, while the observed value for enzyme treated group was similar (P>0.05) to control. It was therefore concluded that supplementing corn cob-based diet with feed additives (Bactofort and cellulase) either singly or combined improved intestinal morphology in growing rabbits.
Keywords: Intestinal morphology, corn cob, feed additives, growing rabbits
INVESTIGATING THE SPREAD OF ITEM TYPES IN CONNECTION TO COGNITIVE DEMAND OF TEACHER -MADE MATHEMATICS TEST IN MISAU LOCAL GOVERNMENTAREA, BAUCHI STATE
BABAYO MUHAMMAD OTHMAN
Department of psychometrics, AD Rufa’i College of Education, Legal & General Studies Misau, Bauchi State
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the spread of item types in connection to cognitive demand of teacher made Mathematics Test in Misau local government area, Bauchi state. Nigeria. The study adopted Causal comparative (Ex-post factor) design from total population of fifty-seven (57) teachers consisting of 46 males and 11 females, A total of 174 sample of TMT was retrieve from teachers, and is restricted to mathematics teachers from public senior secondary schools, all the population was used for this research. The researcher developed a Test Investigation Guide (TIG) for TMT. One research question was answered and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05level of significant. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic; frequency counts and percentages to answer research questions, while Chi-square (cross-tabulation) was used to test the two hypotheses. The study revealed that teachers’ in Misau Local government frequently used problem exercise, representing 32% followed by true/false and context dependent type is the list having only 7% ,similarly 56% of the teachers set their test item to measure higher cognitive demand whereas about 44% of their items measures low cognition respectively, the finding also indicated that the hypotheses on the types of test items (Questions) mostly found on TMT did not differ significantly by the teachers’ working experience as well as qualification in Misau local government is retained, The frequency of cognitive level of test items found on TMT between experience and in-experience teachers is retained but rejected in-relation to qualification. The study recommended that Items dealing with the same content may be grouped together; doing this will help the examinee to concentrate on a single domain at a time rather than having to shift back and forth among areas of content. Similarly, teachers’ level of awareness should be raised to the level that they expand the status of their test items to another type such as matching, short answers, context dependent etc. so that other aspect of cognition would be tested using a variety of items type.
Keywords: Teacher-made Mathematics test, items type, Cognitive demand, Bloom’s Taxonomy, Mathematics test items.
THE UTILIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES BY BASIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEACHERS AFTER COVID – 19 AT JUNIOR SCONDARY SCHOOLS IN ABUJA MUNICIPAL AREA COUNCIL OF ABUJA NIGERIA
OLAWUWO ADEBOOLA FALILAT; SIDI DANIEL; & DIEMKWAP SHITLONG THOMAS
Department of Integrated science, School of Sciences FCT College of Education Zuba.
ABSTRACT
The paper investigated the utilization and implementation of innovative approaches by Basic science and technology teachers in junior secondary schools after Covid -19 in Abuja municipal area council of Abuja, seventy nine teachers (46 Basic science and 33 Basic Technology teachers) was purposely selected from all the junior secondary schools across the Abuja municipal area council of Abuja. A survey design research method was employed for the study, one validated instrument was used with reliability co-efficient of 0.8. Three research questions were formulated and answered using mean and standard deviation while three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using independent t–test. Result showed that innovative approaches can improve instruction in Basis science and technology in Covid – 19 era in junior secondary schools. Instructional skills would also be developed using Innovative instructional approaches by the science teachers. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended among others that innovative approaches should be utilized to improve instructions in Basic science and technology in Nigeria in the era of Covid – 19, Teacher should be discouraged from using teacher-centered instructional strategy in teaching and learning of Basic science but rather, innovative teaching strategies should be used where students’ would be actively involved in the teaching and learning processes and Students should be encouraged to cooperate with their teachers when these strategies are being used in the course of teaching of Basic Science
Keywords: Basic science, Covid – 19, Innovative, Instruction, Technology.
BIOSUGAR AND BIOVANILLIN PRODUCTION FROM PINEAPPLE CROWN IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION BY PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM
MUSTAPHA ALKALI
School of Science, Department of Biology, Umar Ibn Ibrahim Elkanemi College of Education, Science and Technology P.M.B 16, Bama, Borno State Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Pineapple crown is one of agricultural residue which important to be utilized and generated as value-added products. Biosugar and biovanilllin productions were carried out using the solid state fermentation of pineapple crown by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The significant parameters identification by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method and optimization of the production of biosugar and biovanillin by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were conducted. Quantitative analysis of biosugar was analyzed by Dinitrosalicyclic (DNS) assay. For biovanillin, quantitative analysis was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Medium A showed the best medium used to produce biosugar (2.997 mg/mL) and biovanillin (2.794 mg/mL) with the ingredients of 1g glucose, 0.05g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.022g ammonium sulfate, 0.01g calcium chloride, 0.2g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1g thiamine, 0.67g veratryl alcohol, 0.02g yeast extract and 0.003g cupric sulfate. The most optimum condition for the highest yield of biosugar production were at 1% inoculum size (5.238 mg/mL); 24 hours’ incubation period (4.841 mg/mL); 25°C incubation temperature (7.379 mg/mL) and 60% moisture content (4.005 mg/mL) by using OFAT method. The highest biovanillin yield reached at 4% inoculum size (1.159 mg/mL); 72 hours of incubation time (1.760 mg/mL); 35°C incubation temperature (0.554 mg/mL) and 50% moisture content (7.531 mg/mL) by OFAT method. Optimization by RSM for biovanillin, ferulic acid and biosugar illustrate the highest production with 4.500 mg/mL, 34.208 mg/mL and 4.871 mg/mL respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of pineapple crown to produce biosugar and biovanillin.
Keywords: biosugar, biovanillin. Pineapple crown, Fermentation, phanerochaete and chrysosporium.
AUTOMATED PRODUCTION OF SURVEY PLAN AND DATABASE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT (CASE STUDY OF PART OF MAKAMA NEW EXTENSION S13)
ZAKARI, DANLADI; ADAMU MAKAMA PINDIGA; AHMED, BABAYO; ABUBAKAR ABDULKADIR
Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This research is about the demarcation and survey of part of S31 layout for the purpose of producing Tittle deeds plan (TDPs), for the preparation of certificate of occupancy (C of O) over all individual plots to be allocated to individuals. The research site is located at Makama New Extension within Bauchi metropolis. The purpose of this research is to compile a survey plan for easy retrieval of parcel properties. It aimed at production of automated survey plan and database for future development. This automated survey plan would facilitate the rigorous process of acquiring C of O at affordable cost. It would automatically minimize field observation in all its ramification. The object of this research are; To transfer the designed plan to the ground, to carry out a Survey for the location of position of each property beacons, to demarcate each plot corner with a numbered property beacon accordingly, to carry out a survey for the purpose of determining the final coordinate of each beacon, to compute the area of each plot and produce a layout survey plan, to produce automated survey plan and to generate database of each parcel of land. The hardware and software used are total station, computer, AutoCAD, and ArcGIS. The controls points used for the connection were checked and found to be in-situ. The angular and linear misclosure was less than 30’’ and 0.30m which confirmed that the controls used for the connection of this project were in their actual position. The survey was carried out using SOKIA set 510 total station and its accessories with 50m steel tape. The layout Survey was carried out using bearing and distance method measured with Total Station and steel tape respectively, beacons were emplaced at the corner of each parcel and the final survey was carried out. The linear accuracy were computed and found to be 1:3000. The total are covered was 26.912 hectare (269120m2). The survey plan and the automated survey plan was drawn to a scale of 1:2500. The database of each parcel of land were generated.
KEYWORDS: Automated, production, survey plan and database