28th Academic Conference on Achieving the New Sustainable Development: Multidisciplinary Approach (UniAbuja, 2023)

THEME: DEVELOPING WORLD AND INTELLECTUAL RESEARCHES FOR ACHIEVING THE NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

DATE: 31^ST October, 2023

VENUE: UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA, UNIABUJA, ABUJA-FCT, NIGERIA

ORGANIZERS: MEDITERRANEAN RESEARCH AND PUBLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL

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CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS:

EVALUATION OF FOWL CHOLERA RELATED MORTALITY IN SMALL POULTRY FARMS IN OWERRI WEST IMO STATE, NIGERIA

IREFIN KEMI ELIZABETH; ZANWA ABUBAKAR.IBRAHIM; & WOSU FAITH:

Department of Animal Science and Technology. Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted in Owerri west Local Government Area of Imo State. in the tropical rain forest zone of Nigeria. The data was collected through the use of closed ended questionnaires and organized informative oral interview with selected poultry farm owners. The questionnaires carried questions such as literacy, occupation, production system, and knowledge of fowl cholera. Field visits to the poultry houses and discussions were also used for investigation for the purpose of the study. The data obtained from the distributed questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of avian pasteurellosis in Owerri west during the study showed that the overall mean percentage of mortality was 12.5± 1.88 with Umuguma having the highest mortality with 20.69± 2.90 and lowest in Obinze, Okolochi and Okuku with 6.90± 1.98 From the findings, most farmers were not adequately equipped to mitigate the spread of this disease and in extension prevents the increase in mortality rate of these birds.

Keywords: Fowl Cholera, Owerri west, poultry, questionnaire, mortality

ADVANCES IN ADAPTIVE THRESHOLD TECHNIQUES IN COGNITIVE RADIO: A SURVEY

MAXWELL OLIGBI; ZUBAIR SULEIMAN; & CAROLINE ALENOGHENA

Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Cognitive radio technology has emerged as a transformative solution to the growing spectrum scarcity and demand for wireless communication services. At the core of cognitive radio’s effectiveness lies spectrum sensing, a fundamental process for dynamically allocating unused spectrum bands. In this context, adaptive thresholding techniques assume a pivotal role, ensuring the precise detection of primary users and, consequently, the efficient use of available spectrum resources. This survey paper delves into recent advancements in adaptive threshold estimation techniques within the domain of cognitive radio.  Our aim is to provide a comprehensive, structured, and insightful overview of these techniques, with a primary focus on global thresholding methods. We classify these adaptive threshold estimation techniques into two principal categories: local and global Adaptive Thresholding Techniques (ATTs). Within the realm of local ATTs, we explore notable techniques such as Cell Averaging CFAR (CA-CFAR) and its various iterations, encompassing ‘greatest of’ (GO-CFAR), ‘smallest of’ (SO-CFAR), heterogeneous clutter estimating (HCE-CFAR), ‘trimmed mean’ (TM-CFAR), and ordered statistics (OS-CFAR). Additionally, we captured variants of local ATTs like the maximum likelihood and algebraic product (MLAP-CFAR) and the goodness-of-fit and generalized likelihood test with dual censoring (GGDC-CFAR). On the global front, we further categorize ATTs into parametric and non-parametric methods. In the parametric domain, we scrutinize techniques such as Recursive One-sided Hypothesis Testing (ROHT) and First Order Statistical Testing (FOST) Algorithm, while in the non-parametric arena, we explore enhancements in approaches like Otsu, Modified Otsu’s Algorithm (MOA), Non-parametric Amplitude Quantization Method (NPAQM), and the Autonomous Global Threshold Adjustment Algorithm (AGTAA). Our pilgrimage guides us through each of these techniques, unveiling their underlying principles, tangible applications, and the specific scenarios in which they excel. The paper identifies key challenges, and presenting a taxonomy of global thresholding techniques based on their working principles. This taxonomy provides a holistic view of the landscape, guiding us toward more accurate spectrum sensing and the realization of an ultra-efficient cognitive radio network. Furthermore, we delve into real-world applications and case studies that demonstrate the practical implications of these advancements. As cognitive radio technology continues to evolve, this paper serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners, offering a holistic view of cutting-edge adaptive thresholding techniques. Moreover, it identifies critical challenges and future directions in this dynamic field. Ultimately, the advances in adaptive threshold estimation presented in this paper contribute to improving spectrum sensing accuracy and realizing more efficient cognitive radio networks.

ENHANCING CONSTRUCTION QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY IN ABUJA, NIGERIA: MODULAR CONSTRUCTION FOR HOTELS

NWOKO, C., M.E Abdulrahman

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna

Abstract

Over the years, building construction has become highly sophisticated in nature. Meeting this increase in sophistication has been a challenge in the underdeveloped world. For this reason, projects are sometimes delivered with reduced standards and inaccuracies. This study investigates the viability of modular construction to address construction challenges in Abuja, Nigeria, focusing on hotel development. A comprehensive methodology guides our research, combining a thorough literature review, comparative analysis, and case studies. Our literature review examines global modular construction advancements, Abuja’s construction challenges, and the pros and cons of modular construction in the hotel sector. A comparative analysis assesses modular construction against traditional methods, considering speed, cost, and quality. In-depth case studies showcase real-world applications. Quantitative data is statistically analyzed, while qualitative data undergoes thematic coding. Findings inform actionable recommendations for stakeholders, aiming to elevate construction practices. This study on the evaluation of modularity for hotel development would help in guiding the improvement in construction quality; encourage innovations in construction technology to greatly improve construction processes in Abuja, Nigeria. This research also underscores modular construction’s potential to address Abuja’s construction issues, providing insights for policymakers and industry players. It also paves the way for broader modular construction exploration.

Keywords: Abuja, Construction Challenges, Hotel, Innovation, Modular Construction

INTERNET OF THINGS: TECHNOLOGIES, IMPLEMENTATION, CHALLENGES AND THE NIGERIAN CONTEXT TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

*NUHU STEPHEN TAGWAI AND **IBRAHIM ISAH

*Department of Technical Education, Kaduna State College of Education, Gidan-Waya. **Department of Electrical Engineering, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi

Abstract:

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly evolved since its inception, reshaping the way we connect, collect data, and make decisions. This paper explores the foundational aspects of IoT, its technologies, real-world applications, challenges, standards, and case studies. IoT encompasses a wide range of applications, from smart homes and cities to healthcare, industry, and environmental monitoring. Key IoT technologies, including sensors, connectivity protocols, and IoT platforms, enable this transformative connectivity. However, IoT faces challenges such as security, device management, and standardization. Prominent IoT standards and initiatives are discussed, and case studies illustrate the practical impact of IoT in various sectors. In Nigeria, IoT is beginning to gain traction, particularly in fields like oil and gas, traffic control, security, and smart metering. The article concludes with future trends, highlighting digital twins, 5G, AI, edge computing, and IPv6 as pivotal drivers of IoT’s continued evolution.

Keywords: IoT (Internet of Things), IoT Technologies, Real-world IoT Applications, Edge computing, Blockchain, IoT in Nigeria, Challenges in IoT

ARTISTIC VARIATION IN RELATIVE DENSITY CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AGRO-ORGANIC BASED PAINT THICKNESS

AWONIYI, G. O¹., ADEWUMI, M. O., AWONIYI, K. P³.

¹Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. ²Department of Architectural Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger-State, Nigeria.  ³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

This research involved determining the thickness of an organic paint in relation to its relative density as caused by variation in clay content in the paint. The paint being a product from agro-organic material bases: Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) seed extract and Teak (Tectona grandis) leaves extract, upon experimentation, the extracts solution was found to have the same density as water but variation set in while modifying its thickness through clay additives. The resultant weight of the solution was found to increase with increase in clay content additive. The paint thickness was determined by testing thirteen paint samples of different relative densities using a test plate of 20 cm x 20 cm cross section area. It was discovered that paint samples with relative density range of 1.040 – 1.05 having thickness range of 0.039 mm – 0.043 mm were in conformity with the standard paint thickness range of 38 microns to 43 microns. It was generalized that the relationship between paint relative density and thickness was “y = 1.3766x + 0.9902” where “y” is paint relative density and “x” is paint thickness. The general equation was found to have R² of 0.9784 which signifies a relatively precise paint thickness prediction.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMPUTER BASED BIOMETRICS STAFF ATTENDANCE REGISTER

MOHAMMED UMAR SANI

Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering Technology, the Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State.

Abstract

The design and construction of computer based biometric staff attendance register system (FINGERPRINT). For Institutions, companies and organisations where security and net productivity is vital, access to certain areas must be controlled and monitored through an automated system of attendance. Managing people is a difficult task for most of the organizations and maintaining the attendance record is an important factor in people management. When considering the academic institute, taking the attendance of non-academic staff on daily basis and maintaining the records is a major task. Manually taking attendance and maintaining it for a long time adds to the difficulty of this task as well as wastes a lot of time. For this reason, an efficient system is proposed to solve the problem of manual attendance. In this system, the attendance page is being designed to send command to the fingerprint module, the fingerprint module then, capture the finger matrix and send it back through operation of the programmed PIC18f4620.Connected to PIC18F4620 is PIC18F4550, because PIC18F4620 is in TTL protocol and therefore, is converted to USB(RS232) by PIC18F4550 in which the computer can understand. The records are saved for subsequent operations; also a 16*2 LCD is incorporated to display status. Attendance is taken when each registered staff press the push button and places the finger on the fingerprint module. Staff biometric attendance system employs an automated system to calculate attendance of staff in an organization and do further calculations of monthly attendance summary in order to reduce human errors during calculations. In conclusion the proposed system can be employed in curbing the problems of lateness, buddy punching and truancy in any institution, organization or establishment. The proposed system will also improve the productivity of any organization if properly implement.

THE CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN INTELLIGENCE MANAGEMENT IN NIGREIA

ERNEST NONUM¹, IFEOMA NONUM²,

¹Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri, Imo state Nigeria. ²Department of computer science, Delta state university, Abraka, Delta state Nigeria

Abstract

As Information and Communication Technology (ICT) became more closely associated with business successes, politics and national development over the years, it became a very attractive target for malicious attacks by hackers, not only from outside but from within in country. In addition, it also became a very effective tool that can be channeled to destroy critical business infrastructure and compromise national security. Intelligence management involves protecting a country and supporting her national security. Intelligence managers are involved in collecting information that reveals the intentions and capabilities of foreign bodies that are of strategic importance. Intelligence management processes aid decision making about priorities and tactical options. Inadequate communications and power infrastructure, Shortage of ICTs facilities and ICTs skills, Inadequate institutional arrangements, Limited financial resources, Inadequate public private partnership, Limited data management capacity, Inadequate horizontal and vertical communication, and Inadequate bandwidth nationally and on the Gateway) will help Nigeria to manage its intelligence like other advanced nations do.

Keywords: Information, Technology, Intelligence, Management, Challenges, Prospect

MAPPING OF BARBECUE SPOTS WITHIN BAUCHI METROPLIS USING

ABAH SUNDAY OCHEPO

Department of Surveying and Geo-Informatics Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi

Abstract

Since the emergence of Geographical Information System (GIS), it has continually proved its capability and relevance in our day-to-day activities. This study was carried out to locate barbecue spots in Bauchi town, to create a database and a digital map of the study area that will be of a great benefit to tourists that might wish to have a taste of local meat.  The location of the spots was carried out using the Global Positioning System (GPS).  The attribute data were collected by means of questionnaires.  Primary data were manipulated using AutoCAD 2001 and Arc View 3.2a software. A digital map showing the location of the different spots was finally produced and printed out for presentation. It was concluded that considering the nutritious importance of barbecue and its contributions to revenue generation, tourism and in reducing unemployment that boost national development, it is not out of place to pay attention to barbecue spots and to encourage the development of barbecue business especially in Bauchi state. To achieve this, the study recommended among other things that the government of Bauchi state should provide loan facilities to those who are into the business of barbecue so as to encourage them, and that a compendium of barbecue locations should be made available in hotels and other recreational areas.

Key Words: Gis, Gps, Barbecue

LOW PROTEIN DIETS FORTIFIED WITH AMINO ACIDS CRYSTAL IMPROVES LITTER QUALITY AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF FEMALE QUAILS (CORTUNIX JAPONICA).

AGBANA, J. A

Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Kogi State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 1101, Itakpe , Kogi State.

Abstract:

Substantial portion of gases responsible for both natural and human made environmental hazards are from wastes emanating from livestock production units. Efforts have been made by animal nutritionists towards developing feeding regimes that will sustainably limit the release of nitrous oxides. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of decreasing dietary crude protein levels by partial replacement of soybean meal with same free amino acid profile in growing quails on litter quality and environmental impact. Two hundred female quails were randomly allotted to diets containing optimum crude protein (T1), 1% crude protein (CP) reduction (T2), 2 % CP reduction (T3) and 3% CP reduction (T4) in a completely randomized design for fifty six days feeding trial. Reducing dietary crude protein content up to 3% resulted in better litter quality (6.23) compared to the control fed birds (3.78). Similarly, 0.6 % lower dietary Crude protein content with balanced free amino acids leads to a decrease in 5% calculated dietary carbon foot print. Thus, low dietary crude protein  diets especially, 3% reduction can mitigate and guarantee sustainable reduction in most oxides released during livestock production that promote environmental hazards without affecting animal performance. However, its adoption requires a multifaceted approach.

Keywords: Rabbits, hazard, sustainable, nitrous oxide, multifaceted

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DANBUN NAMA FROM DIFFERENT MEAT PARTS

DANIEL BULUS SADIQ; TANKO O ODENI; OBIAJULU EMMANUEL; & MUSTAPHA YUSUF DAUDA

Department of Food t Technology Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, Zamfara State. Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Physicochemical analysis of meat was carried out using Official Method of Analysis (AOAC 2000). The following parameters were tested for; moisture, ash protein, fat and carbohydrate. The samples analyzed were, AOD longissimus from beef), BOD: (sternum from beef), COD: thigh from beef), DOD longissimus from goat), EOD:  (sternum from goat), FOD: (thigh from goat). The moisture content from all the samples ranged from 5.5 ± 0.12a to 6.3 ± 0.13b, ash ranged from 3.94 ± 0.10a to 5.20 ± 0.12b, protein ranged from 39.60±2.02a to 40.33 ± 0.60c, fat ranged from 11.42 ± 0.56d to12.50 ± 0.50a, carbohydrate 34.90 ± 1.11c to 37.80 ± 1.05b and the energy valu ranged from 408.3 to 438.52 Kcal/100g. The sensory attributes showed that the most acceptable sample is longissimus from beef (7.44 ±1.28a) and the least acceptable sample is EOD; sternum from goat (3.42 ± 1.88bd)

Key words: Longissimus, Sternum, Danbun nama, Thigh

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE PARAMETERS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM MTN, NIGERIA

ADEYEMI, M.A¹, OYENIYI, K.O² OGUNRINADE RANTI³, OLADEJI, A.A⁴

^{1,2, 3}Department of Business Administration and Management, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. ⁴Department of Business Administration and Management Studies, The Polytechnic, Ibadan.

Abstract

The study examined the effect of organizational culture parameters on organizational performance with particular reference to MTN, Nigeria.  The study employed a purposive sampling technique to choose MTN, Nigeria, as the research subject, and a simple random sampling method was employed to select 125 respondents from a total population of 3,150 permanent staff members. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Regression analysis was employed to assess, elucidate, and forecast relationships between the variables. The study established a significant positive association between innovation and risk-taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness culture and organizational performance. This finding underscores the importance of meticulousness in ensuring high-quality service, network reliability, security, and customer satisfaction. It also facilitates compliance, efficiency, and innovation in a competitive telecommunications sector. Subsequently, the study recommended that telecom companies in Nigeria should create a dynamic and adaptive environment that is responsive to customer needs, innovative, and competitive. These cultural attributes can help them navigate the diverse and challenging landscape of the Nigerian telecommunications industry, resulting in higher customer satisfaction, sustained growth, and a strong market presence.

Keywords: Innovation, risk taking, attention, outcome orientation, aggressiveness, performance

THE ROLE OF LIBRARIES IN THE ACCREDITATION OF COLLEGES OF EDUCATION ACADEMIC POGRAMMES IN NIGERIA

*MOHAMMED UMAR GALADIMA; *IBRAHIM BUKAR; **ADAMU IBRAHIM; & ***ABDULLAHI LIMANJO

*Department of Library and information Science, Federal Polytechnic Nassarawa state. **Department OF Library and Information Science, Federal polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State. ***Muhammadu Wabi Library, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State

Abstract

The standard and quality of academic programmes of Colleges of Education in Nigeria are assessed by the National Commission for College of Education (NCCE). This exercise is done on regular basis. This work is on how the national commission for Colleges and the role College libraries play in the accreditation process. Some recommendations are made to the National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) on the areas of be considered in the library in their further accreditation of Colleges of Education academic programmes.

IMPLICATIONS OF INSECURITY ON NATIONAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN NIGERIA

ABUBAKAR ISSA SANNI

Department of Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State

Abstract

This paper examines the implications of insecurity on business activities in Nigeria. The paper seeks to determine the implications of security problems on the business operation and investment in Nigeria. The study adopts the Democratic Peace Theory. Secondary data was mostly used in the study. The study identifies the root causes of insecurity in Nigeria which has hindered business activities and some Security challenges confronting Nigeria was also highlighted. Security challenges in any environment constitute threat to lives and properties, hindered business activities, and discourage local and foreign investors, which effect and retards socio-economic development of a country. The study recommends effective formulation and implementation of policies capable of tackling the root causes of insecurity in Nigeria, such as Ethno- religious conflict, weak security system, systemic and political corruption, unemployment, among others.

Key Words: Security, Challenges, National Business activities, Nigeria.

SUITABILITY OF CALCINED CLAY AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION

GABRIEL BABATUNDE PETER

Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State

ABSTRACT

Concrete is an extensively used construction material in the world. However, environmental concerns both in terms of damage caused by the extraction of raw materials and CO2 emission during cement manufacture have brought pressure to reduce cement consumption by the use of supplementary materials. The utilization of calcined clay in concrete. In this research, a study was conducted to look into the performance of calcined clay as cement replacement material in concrete. The study focuses on chemical characterization of raw and calcined clay, physical properties of calcined clay blended with ordinary Portland cement and compressive strength of calcined clay blended cement at various percentage replacement (0,5,10,20,30 and 40%). Strength properties of the moulded cubes at different pertage replacement were evaluated at 7,14,21 and 28^th curing days. Compressive strength at 5% replacement were higher than the control strength, and the strength began to reduce as the replacement percentage was increasing.

Key words: Calcined clay, Concrete, Supplementary Cementitious, Physical Properties, Chemical Properties, and Compressive strength

ICT ADOPTION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA: A REVIEW

UGBE, JOHN FIDELIS

Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria

Abstract

The paper work is a literature base work that focuses on the use of secondary sources. The research reviewed related work of other scientific and literature base authors and came up with opinions in ICT adoption in SMEs. The paper work focused on the needs of ICT adoption in SMEs in Nigeria highlighted the impact of ICT adoption in SMEs and the challenges SMEs confronted in the adoption and usage of ICT. Such impact as mentioned in this paper work were increased in business performance, business growth, business expansion, efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness and amongst other. The paper also pointed out the challenges confronted by SMEs in the usage of ICT as cost implication, lack of adequate infrastructure, government unsupportive attitude, unavailability of skilled personnel, lack of adequate capital etc.  Also highlighted is the bridging of the gap between SMEs in urban and rural areas in Nigeria through ICT adoption and its social implication in Nigeria. The paper made suggestions on the ways forward to curb the challenges such as: Government and stakeholders should make available ICT infrastructure in urban and rural areas to give room to SMEs to adopt the use of ICT. Network and internet service providers should reduce their charges and bills, and boost their bandwidth to enhance better internet services to encourage ICT adoption in SMEs in Nigeria etc.

Key words:  Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Adoption, Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), Competitiveness, Efficiency.

IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE SYSTEM USING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

IKENNA C. ONUORAH; AHMED ABDULRAZAQ BELLO; SUNDAY ADONU; SUBERU YUSUF; KHALIL SANI IBRAHIM; & LAWAN GARBA

Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi

Abstract:

Immunization plays a vital role in safeguarding public health by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Effective immunization programs require accurate scheduling, tracking, and monitoring of vaccinations. However, traditional immunization systems often encounter challenges such as data inconsistencies, privacy concerns, and inefficient communication among stakeholders. To address these issues, this abstract proposes an immunization scheduling system utilizing blockchain technology. Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and immutable nature, can provide a secure and transparent platform for managing immunization records. The proposed system leverages blockchain’s key features, including data immutability, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts, to ensure the integrity, privacy, and efficiency of immunization scheduling. The immunization scheduling system is kick stared by creating a distributed network of nodes, including healthcare providers, immunization centers, and individuals. Each participant has a unique digital identity stored on the blockchain, allowing for secure access to their immunization records. Smart contracts are utilized to define rules and automate processes, such as appointment scheduling, reminders, and vaccine administration. Immunization records are stored as encrypted transactions on the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and privacy. Access to these records is granted through cryptographic keys, giving individuals control over their personal information while maintaining a comprehensive and up-to-date repository for healthcare providers.

Keywords: Immunization, Blockchain technology, data immutability, data inconsistencies, Smart contracts, cryptographic keys,

AN ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING QUALITY IN STUDENTS OFF-CAMPUS ACCOMMODATIONS IN WUNTI DADA BAUCHI

AMINA YAKUBU YUSUF

ABSTRACT

The study looks at the housing quality in an urban fringe situated in an academic environment in Bauchi, Bauchi State Nigeria. A total of 120 questionnaires were randomly distributed. Data analysis involved the examination of building standards, infrastructural facilities and neighborhood conditions. the five point likert scale and simple percentage was adopted in data analysis. The study reveals that housing quality in the neighborhood is fair.

Key word: Housing quality, Shelter, Physiological need, Housing infrastructure, occupancy rate.

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EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON ECONOMY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

BELLO KASIM SANUSI

Department of Marketing Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State

ABSTRACT:

This paper discusses the evolution and current development of principles and practice of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. It also examines the effect of entrepreneurship in fostering economic growth and development. The methodology adopted was the narrative-textual case study (NTCS) method, which is preferred because of the absence of sequential data related to entrepreneurship and sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. The researcher found that Nigeria’s economy has continued to decrease over the last few years – with the real GDP growth rate hovering around 3.10% in 2022 compared with 3.40% a year earlier. It was also found that entrepreneurship can enhance economic growth and development primarily by generating employment and foster the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. We recommend that there should be proper policy coordination and policy stability; reforms in the educational curriculum to prepare students for self-reliance; and fixing the power sector-Nigeria’s basic infrastructure. When we have flourishing micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), gainful employment will be created, wealth created will be distributed evenly and economy is developed.

KEYWORDS: Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), GDP growth rate, Narrative-Textual Case Study (NTCS)

RESTORATIVE CAPACITY OF DACTYLEDANIA BARTERI AND ALCHORNEA CORDIFOLIA ON DEGRADED SOIL

MGBONU, KELECHI AND OGORI JOEGULUBA

Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, PMB 39 Kontagora, Niger State

Abstract

Dactyledania barteri and Alchornea cordifolia, as fast growing agro forestry species were used to restore the quality of a deliberately degraded Utisol at Onne. The soil was deliberately degraded by bulldozing the vegetation and the surface soil was scrapped off. Properties of the soil were evaluated before and twenty-two years after the establishment of Dctyledania barteri and Alchornea cordifolia fallows. Dctyledania barteri had a cumulative restorative capacity of 4953.60 kg soil materials on one hectare of land in one year with 3343, 60, 5.20, 1336, 200 and 9.4 kg as organic matter, N, P, Ca, Mg and K respectively, whereas Alchornea cordifolia had cumulative restorative capacity of 2683.65kg soil materials / ha/ yr with 1570, 30.1, 1.95, 1071, 147 and 10.6kg as organic matter N, P, Ca, Mg and K respectively. The relatively better effect of Dactyledania barteri over Alchornea cordifolia was attributed to the slow decomposition of its lower quality litter which resulted to production of more stable organic matter in the long run. The use of the species for soil fertility restoration increased maize yield with Dactyledania having maize grain yield of 17.8% over that of Alchornea and 27.8% over natural fallow.

Keywords: Restorative Capacity, Soil Quality, Ultisol, Agro-Forestry Species

NEIGHBOURHOOD ATTRIBUTES AND END-USERS’ PERCEPTION WITHIN RESIDENTIAL DENSITY OF LAGOS, NIGERIA.

ESV. WALE ADERIBIGBE

6 Ashabi Cole Street, Off Lateef Jakande Road, SBD, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Neighbourhood mirrors the development, characters, planning and allocation of an environment, the type and quality of people’s life living within it, their taste, economic entity, their social interaction, convenience and comfort. The aim of this study is to examine the perception of the users about the status of their neighbourhood with a view to improving neighbourhood development The research is an empirical analysis of tenants perception of the three identified residential neighbourhood of Ikeja: high; Ikorodu; medium; and Epe: low densities within Lagos metropolis. Data for the study were collected from administration of questionnaire designed with attitudinal 5 point liker scaling of strongly agree to strongly disagree measuring users perception of attributes that contributes to each of the neighbourhood status.. The structured questionnaire were giving to specific residential users living within each of the neighbourhood. The data were analyzed using weighted mean scores and Cronbach’s Alpha Co-efficient for Internal Consistency to test for the reliability of estimates for examining these users’ perception with the aid of Computer Aided Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 16. The result of the analysis revealed that in high density zone; accessibility to place of worship, presence of market, good road network, good management of flood control, availability of medical facilities, presence of shops, availability of children’s schools, security, presence of police station and the availability of portable water were the most attributes  perceived by the users to have enhance the density’s status. Whereas in medium density zone the perceived attributes include, presence of good road network, market, police station, medical facilities, accessibility to place of worship, good management of waste disposal system, presence of shopping centre(s), portable water, security from crime related activities, peaceful and quiet neighbourhood and availability of children’s schools; while  good management of waste disposal system, accessibility to place of worship, presence of good road network, neighbourhood secured from crime related activities, presence of shopping centre(s), medical facility, availability of portable water and police station, and accessibility to market, regularity of electricity supply and presence of recreation centre were users’  perceived attributes of the low density residential zone. In addition, proximity and accessibility take important positions in the perception of residents as reflected in their responses to questions of accessibility and closeness. The study recommended that the perception and general views of end-users should be incorporated in the operational housing and neighbourhood development policies from the conception to the development of housing, and urban renewal programs to achieve  demand-supply driven environment as well as enhancing a balanced value achievements by all stakeholders

Keywords: Neighbourhood Attributes. Perception, End Users, Residential Density Lagos Nigeria.

INTERROGATING THE SUPPOSED BIAS OF THE INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SYSTEM TOWARD INTERNATIONAL CRIMINALS IN AFRICA: FOCUS ON THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT.

*MONSUR ADEDOTUN AKANDE; **ELIAKIM ANZIZI; & **MURTALA ABDULLAHI

*Department International Politics, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom. **Department of Defense and Strategic Studies, Nigerian Defense Academic, Kaduna, Nigeria

Abstract

The study discusses the complexities surrounding the effectiveness and perceived impartiality of the International Criminal Court (ICC), particularly concerning its activities in Africa. Through a qualitative analysis based on literature review, the research evaluates academic writings, legal documents, and case histories to gauge the ICC’s operational legitimacy and limitations in its activities in Africa. The research finds that the court has garnered a mix of skepticism and criticism, notably for what appears to be an Africa-centric focus in its case selections, including those in Côte d’Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Such selections and the timing of its involvements, as in Uganda, not only cast aspersions on its neutrality but also question its influence on local jurisprudence and peace-building efforts. A glaring issue lies in the court’s inclination to target non-state actors with arrest warrants while largely overlooking allegations against governmental figures, thus risking the further politicization of justice and exacerbating social divisions. These elements collectively contribute to a public perception that might undermine the ICC’s efficacy in executing its mandate. Given these insights, the study calls for a rigorous reassessment of the ICC’s interventionist strategies. Specifically, it recommends an overhaul in its approach to case selection and more understanding of local socio-political dynamics. This would be beneficial to fortify its standing as an unbiased arbiter in international justice while strengthening its collaborations with domestic legal systems.

Key words: Interrogating, International Justice System, International Criminals, Africa, International Criminal Court.

EFFECT OF MOBILE BANKING ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN FIRST BANK PLC, JOS, PLATEAU STATE OF NIGERIA

*WUYEP TONY LOHVEN, Ph.D.; & **EZE FELICIA, Ph.D.

*Department of Business Administration, Bingham University, Karu. **Department of Entrepreneurship Studies, Bingham University, Karu

ABSTRACT

Technology is a dominant force in all aspects of life and Internet banking is just one example of the technologies currently being used by several businesses. Mobile banking is a new way of banking, as it makes it easier for cclients to access their finances, even from remote locations. The study examined the effect of mobile banking on customer satisfaction in First Bank Plc, Plateau State of Nigeria. The study adopted survey design. The total population of the study was 56,837 according to First Bank of Nigeria Plc report in 2022 and a sample size of 397 was derived using Taro Yamane formula. A point in time data was applied from primary data source using questionnaires. Simple regression and e-view statistical software package were used to analyse data and findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between mobile banking and customer satisfaction in terms of customer loyalty in First Bank Plc in Plateau State of Nigeria.  It was therefore recommended that First Bank Plc in Plateau State of Nigeria should emphasise more on mobile banking insecurity control, minimization of network failure and reduction of double debt when using PayPal transaction since it helps in achieving customer satisfaction in terms of customer loyalty.

Keywords: Mobile Banking, Customer satisfaction, Customer Patronage, Insecurity and network failure.

ENHANCING SUSTAINABILITY OF PASTORALISM THROUGH GRAZING RESERVES IN NIGERIA’S LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY

OGUNBIYI, I. D.; & I. B. MUHAMMAD

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State

ABSTRACT

Nigeria plays a significant role in West African livestock production, contributing 38% of the output and constituting about 33% of the country’s GDP through beef and dairy markets. However, the pastoral farming community faces multiple challenges, including conflicts between farmers and herders, disease outbreaks, lack of proper dairy processing facilities, cattle theft, and migration in search of pasture. These challenges have contributed to the country’s growing insecurity. Various measures have been implemented, such as the establishment of grazing reserves. This study examines the pastoral way of life and its compatibility with grazing reserves in Niger State. It employs qualitative research and questionnaire-based interviews with Nigerian pastoral farmers to understand their livelihood choices, desires for a settled life, safety concerns, and sustainability factors. The study suggests that well-designed grazing reserves can help reduce conflicts, enhance security, and improve the economic well-being of herders. They can also facilitate training and development opportunities and improve disease management and cattle welfare, leading to healthier livestock and increased productivity.  In summary, this research highlights the potential of grazing reserves as a solution to the multifaceted challenges faced by pastoralists. It calls for policy interventions and community support to ensure the sustainability of pastoral livelihoods and a more secure and prosperous future for these communities. The study also provides valuable insights into the demographics and perspectives of pastoral farmers, emphasizing the prevalence of cattle owners and settlers in the community.

Keywords: Pastoralists; Grazing Reserves; Livelihood Challenges; Conflict Resolution; Cattle Rustling

AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF FACEBOOK MARKETPLACE AMONG MOBILE PHONE SELLERS AND BUYERS IN BIDA, NIGER STATE

UMAR ABDULLAHI, USMAN MUSA MOHAMMED, AND ABDULKADIR ABDULLAHI YAHAYA

Abstract

Facebook Marketplace is an online shopping platform that allows users to seamlessly buy and sell new and old products within their communities. It launched in 2016 following huge transactions recorded through buying and selling groups on Facebook in the previous year. Ever since, Marketplace has increasingly grown in popularity. It is now being used by millions of people across the globe, since it allows users to make money and or fulfill their aspirations while socializing on the platform. However, the awareness, perception and even usage of Marketplace among individuals and businesses in Bida are still unclear. Previous studies indicate that there is limited research on the awareness and perception of Facebook Marketplace in third worlds like Nigeria. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap and contribute to literature on the awareness and perception of Facebook Marketplace in developing countries, particularly in Bida, Niger State. A mixed-methods approach will be used for the study, with surveys being conducted to gather quantitative data on awareness and perception of Facebook Marketplace among mobile phone owners in Bida and in-depth interviews to gather qualitative data on the factors influencing perception and usage among mobile phone dealers in Bida. The Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) Theory, which contends that the adoption of new ideas, behaviours, products, or technologies is a process that takes place over time, will serve as the study’s theoretical foundation. According to the theory, adoption of innovation occurs in five stages: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption.

Keywords: Facebook Marketplace, Awareness, Perception, Diffusion of Innovation

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SCENT LEAVES (OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM) ON ESCHERICHIACOLI AND SALMONELLATYPHI

ABUBAKAR, Z. I.; MAIDAWA, G.L.; AYEGBA,S.O.; ABDULLAHI, M.; ABDALLAH, H.A.; OKOYE,C.I.; ADAMU, B.B.; & MALIKI, H.S.

National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Essential oils or volatile oils from medicinal plants have potentially very strong anti microbial activities for the control of pathogenic micro organisms. Ocimum gratissimum is one of the medicinal plants which are widely used as sources of extracts with strong antibacterial and anti oxidant properties. In this study the leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum was tested for its antibacterial activity against some human pathogenic bacteria (salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli). Antibacterial activity test was carried out by using the agar plate diffusion method. The plants materials were dried and extracted with 90% ethanol and water. The tested extract exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against both strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the zones of inhibition. The most significant inhibitory activity was observed against E. coli (22mm zone and 18mm zone) at 100mg/ml for both ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The physical properties of the extracts of Ocimum gratissimum were evaluated. The colours of the extracts were greenish and brownish for ethanol and aqueous extracts respectively. Phytochemical properties of the plants were analysed and the plant was confirmed to contain alkaloids, cyanide, flavonoids, saponis, carbohydrates, tannins, oxalates and phytates.

Key words: Ocimum gratissimum, Antibacterial, Aqueous, Ethanolic, Extract.

CASHLESS ECONOMY: THE IMPACT OF DEMONETIZATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN BIDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE

SHETTIMA ABDUL-MATINU; & BELLO JUNAIDU AHMED

School of Basic and General Studies, Department of Social Sciences, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 55, Bida, Niger State

Abstract

Demonetization economy does not mean a total elimination of cash; it is a financial environment that minimizes the use of physical cash by providing alternative channel for making payment. The objectives of this study include; to identify the challenges those have hindered the adoption of demonetization policy by small and medium scale enterprises, to investigate if demonetization in any way enhanced a growth on small and medium scale business enterprises and finally to identify the challenges those that have hindered the adoption of demonetization policy on small and medium scale enterprises all in Bida Local government Area of Niger State. The survey was carried out through the administration of questionnaire on owners and operators of small and medium scale enterprises in the study area. Due to the introduction of e-payment by Niger State, small and medium scale enterprises have started utilizing electronic based payment in their day to-day payments and business activities through Point of Sale Terminals (POS), GSM, Mobile Banking, and Automated Teller Machine (ATM). This signifies that an efficient and modern payment system positively correlated with economic development and it is a key enable of the economic growth.

Keywords: Demonetisation, Small and Medium Enterprises, Digital habits, Electronic Transaction, Demonetization Economy

MEDIATING ROLE OF LEADERSHIP QUALITY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN BANKS

AREMU, A.B¹, AYO-OYEBIYI, G.T², BABALOLA, O.A², ADEYEMI, M.A³

¹Department of Business Administration and Management Studies, The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Nigeria ²Department of Banking and Finance Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria ³Department of Business Administration and Management, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria

Abstract

The study examined the mediating role of leadership quality on the relationship between corporate governance and organizational performance with the particular reference to selected Nigerian banks. A targeted random sampling method was employed to choose Zenith Bank, Guaranty Bank, First Bank, Access Bank, and United Bank within the Osogbo metropolitan area of Osun State, Nigeria. To form the survey sample, a sample size of 98 respondents was selected applying a simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was utilized to gather data from the participants. To analyze the data, Path Analysis-Structural Equation Modeling (PA-SEM) was conducted using STATA version 15. The results revealed that both leadership quality and corporate governance have direct positive effects on organizational performance. Also, corporate governance has a direct positive effect on leadership quality. Additionally, the study established that leadership quality partially mediates between corporate governance and organizational performance. This suggests that corporate governance can improve organizational performance by promoting leadership quality. The study suggests that organizations should implement effective corporate governance practices in order to improve their organizational performance. In addition to the direct effects of corporate governance on organizational performance, corporate governance can also improve organizational performance indirectly by promoting leadership quality.

Keywords: Leadership quality, corporate governance, organizational performance, Banks

EFFECT OF WORKPLACE VALUE ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE AT FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, BIDA NIGER STATE

FASHAGBA OLAMIDE IFEOLUWA

Department of Business Administration and Management, the Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B 55, Bida, Niger state.

ABSTRACT

In today’s dynamic and turbulent business environment, achieving employees’ high performance is largely dependent on other factors such as workplace value aside the employee remuneration. An institution experienced declined in employee performance due to poor workplace value, among other factors. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of workplace value on employees’ performance of Federal Polytechnic, Bida in Niger state. The study chose non-teaching staff of Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State which is 722 using random sampling techniques, and Krejcie, and Morgan’s sample size table was employed to calculate the sample size of 248 used for the study. A structured self-administered survey questionnaire was adapted, validated and used for collecting data for the study. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients for the constructs ranged between 0.680 and 0.790. The response rate to the 232 copies of the questionnaire administered was 93.5%. Data analyzed using descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis and a statistical package for social sciences version 20. Findings revealed that Physical environment through workspace, furniture had significant positive effect on employee performance at Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State. Also, the findings revealed that internal communication through team briefing, notices, memos had a significant positive effect on employee performance at Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State. The study concluded that workplace value significantly influenced employees’ performance at Federal Polytechnic Bida Niger State. The study recommends that intense attention should be paid on physical environment, internal communication and time factor of institution in order to improve the level of employees’ commitment, employees’ satisfaction and employees’ effectiveness.

Keywords: workplace, physical environment, internal communication, time factor, and employees’ satisfaction.

ROLE OF ENTREPRENUERSHIP IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

ABUBAKAR AHMED GAMBO

Department of Business Administration, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to develop and analyses the contributions of entrepreneurship in the economic development through SME development in Nigeria. A total of 100 SMEs were randomly selected from a cross section of a population of all SMEs spread around some states of Nigeria and covering virtually all forms of enterprise. Participants were selected through a simple random sampling. The responses to the questionnaires were complemented with personal interviews of some SMEs operators. The responses of the participants were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), which generated the frequency distributions, means, standard deviations, chi-square statistics, analyses of variance, etc of the responses. The hypotheses of this research which were tested at 0.05 level of significance using chi-square statistics hinged on identifying the greatest problem which SMEs face in Nigeria, the identification and ranking of the top ten problems or challenges of SMEs in Nigeria and the relationship between the form and nature of the business enterprise and its sources of funding for its operations. The major findings of this study include the following: SMEs have played and continue to play significant roles in the growth, development and industrialization of many economies the world over. In the case of Nigeria, SMEs have performed below expectation due to a combination of problems which ranges from attitude and habits of SMEs themselves through environmental related factors, instability of governments and frequent government policy changes etc. Promoters of SMEs should thus ensure the availability or possession of managerial capacity and acumen before pursuing financial resources for the development of the respective enterprise.

Keywords: key words Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Economic development

ASSESSMENT OF AMYLASE PRODUCTION POTENTIALS OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SELECTED SOILS WITHIN BIDA METROPOLIS NIGERIA

IDRIS ABDULLAHI DABBAN; ADIOHA AMARACHI; & ABDULKADIR NDA UMARU

Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied and Natural Sciences, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Amylases especially from microbial origin are one of the most significant and are widely used enzymes in industries. An attempt was made to isolate and screen fungi from soil for their potential to produce amylase. Soil samples were gotten from selected sites within Bida metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria. Fungi present in the samples were enumerated and isolated using standard mycological technique. Microscopic and macroscopic techniques were used for the identification of the fungal isolates. Starch hydrolysis technique on petri plates was used to screen the fungal isolates for their potential to produce amylase. Highest fungal count was found in FDF (8.2×10¹), followed by BGF (4.1×10¹), SHB (3.7×10¹), SMK (2.5×10¹), and LGL (1.6×10¹). A total of 14 organisms were isolated with Rhizopus sp. having the highest occurrence (50%), Mucor sp. (14.3%), Trichophyton tonsurans (14.3%), Aspergillus niger (7.1%), Aspergillus flavus (7.1%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (7.1%). Out of the 14 isolates, Mucor sp.FDFB1 had the higthest potential of amylase production with an Enzyme Index (EI) of (2.71), followed by E. floccosum (2.44), while Rhizopus sp.BGFB1 had the least amylase production potential (1.11). All the fungi isolated from the soil samples had potentials for amylase production.

Keywords: Enzymes, fungi, amylases, isolation, screening.

EFFECT OF STORAGE DURATION OF PEA POD ON WATER SOFTENING

MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD MAKKI, PhD

Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, BUPOLY Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria.

Abstract

Natural softeners are considered affordable and efficient substitutes to chemical softeners for use in developing countries where raw materials such as Cicer arietinum (green pea) are readily available. This study investigates effect of storage duration of pea pod on water softening. A suitable method was employed for the Pea pod processing. Pea pod was prepared and ground to powder. Phytochemical analysis of the Pea pod was done. 10% stock solution of the extract was prepared. Jar test for water softening, was carried out for High, Medium, low untreated synthetic waters, Kura surface (river) water and Zoo road well water. The process was repeated for stored Pea pod powder for 2 and 4 months at room temperature. The result analysis confirmed the presence of Aspartic/Glutamine Protein (amino acid) as the active agent having phytodisinfectant/antioxidant, softening property in water purification and constituted the photochemical. For Pea pod stored for 2 and 4months used for treatment of the water samples; p-values range was 0.9-1, signifying that there is no any significant difference between the hardness reduction of Pea pod powder not stored and that stored for 2 and 4months. It was recommended that research should be conducted on the type and extent of these antioxidant and antibacterial substances, on the modes of attack of the Pea pod extracts on microorganisms and other parts of Pea should be investigated to find its softening property.

KEYWORDS: Pea Pod, Softening, Water Treatment, Storage Duration

COMBATING CORRUPTION IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

OKUNOLA ADAFIN A. OLAIYA

Department of Hospital Management, School of Applied and Natural Sciences, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State

Abstract:

This work sees corruption generally as a condemnable behaviour and particularly identifies corruption in the education sector as a practice that has multiple capabilities for undermining the national development of Nigeria. Corruption in the education sector terribly creates infrastructural deficits that result in poor instructional delivery and making many people not to have access to education which in addition to being a fundamental human right is a spring board for their empowerment and emancipation infrastructural deficits and inability of a people to have access to education systematically renders useless the ability of the people to engineer national development as generations of citizens are left frustrated, disgruntled and disenchanted in addition to manifesting terrible immorality in the forms of militancy and insurgency. Embrace of militancy and insurgency as a result of lack of access and infrastructure owe their sources to corruption, which disastrously has multiplier effects on the growth and the national development of the Nigerian state: potential human beings who ideally are great assets for the development of Nigeria are lost to actions/activities that are not investor and investment friendly. The work recommends among other things are establish a code of conduct, Increase transparency, Strengthen internal controls, Implement anti- corruption training and establish an independent anti-corruption body

WiMEDIA ULTRA WIDE BAND (UWB) TECHNOLOGY: CHARACTERISTICS, APPLICATIONS, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

¹USIADE, REX EHIEDUM, ¹ONIYEMOFE, COLLINS OGHENERHORO AND ²OBAINKE, FRANCIS

¹Department of Computer Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria ²Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic Otefe-Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract:

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communication has been the subject of extensive research in recent years due to its unique capabilities and potential applications, particularly in short range multiple access wireless communications. The traditional models of mobile communications desired to be improved upon in the near future because of current demand of high speed of data transmission in area networking. Internet-based streaming, video services and high definition wireless video connections within the home, office and even business environment are an essential feature of the next phase of digital transformation. Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radio technology will play a vital role in promoting these services and products with its very high speed, low cost, low power consumption and dissipation. This paper presents an insight into the WiMedia Ultra-Wideand; current status, operation, applications and possible future perspective. From these general analysis the research presents theoretical and practical findings from which are derived from proven publications within this concept.

Keywords: WiMedia, UWB, OFDM, WPAN, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi

THE IMPERATIVENESS OF ADOPTING STATISTICAL RECORDS IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING OF NIGERIA TO ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT: A CRITIQUE

VEN. EGESI JONATHAN C.; DR. (MRS) IKEAZOTA NWAMAKA F. N (FMAN); EGEONU EUGENE K.; AGUGO  U. A (MRS); NWOKEFORO CHURCHILL UGOCHUKWU; & NJOKU DOMINIC O.

Imo State Polytechnic, Omuma, Oru – East, Imo State

Abstract

Nigeria as a country has experienced huge blow and decline in development owing to series of problems and factors especially acting or working without objective records. That is simply to say that record keeping tradition in Nigeria has not been one that is worth commendable. As a country, we take actions or act in various sections of the country without documented evidence or statistical records. The question every right thinking person will ask is how will a country of Nigeria’s height and standard not have statistical records or documents that will guide her in policy formation and implementation but prefer to act any how she likes. This can be considered as a mere gamble, infact it is worse than a sacrilege.  This study is an effort to call the attention of all that matter in the country to understand the need or imperativeness of statistical documentation and records in policy taking/making and implementations, since we intend to achieve a greater height in the development rug. Various data collection techniques as interviews, questionnaire, journals, and the internet were used to garner data for analysis. The development theory was used as theoretical framework thereafter, conclusion was drawn.

Keywords: Imperativeness, statistical records, socio-economic – planning, Nigeria & Development.

THE DEPLOYMENT OF ICT INFRASTRUCTURES IN THE NIGERIA 2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS: THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

ALAO, KAZEEM AKINBOLA

Department of Computer Science, the Federal Polytechnic, Bida Niger State

ABSTRACT

The Nigeria 2023 general elections as conducted by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) witnessed an improved deployment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures majorly for voters’ verification/identification, collation and upload of election results that prevented rigging, particularly over voting.  However, despite the deployment of the ICT infrastructures, the collation and upload of election results were characterized with a lot of controversies opined to have marred the credibility of the electioneering process as indicated in the results of an online survey conducted via Google form.  It is in view of this that this study x-rayed the major challenges of the deployment of ICT infrastructures in the Nigeria 2023 general elections and proffer solutions to harness the prospects of deployment of ICT infrastructures in the future general elections.

Keywords: Collation, Deployment, Elections, Rigging, Upload.

PREPARING A MANUSCRIPT AND SELECTING A JOURNAL

*MUHAMMED UMAR GALADIMA; *IBRAHIM BUKAR; **ADAMU IBRAHIM; & **MUHAMMED IDRIS

*Department of Library and information science, Federal Polytechnic Nsarawa, Nasarawa State. **Department of Library and Information Science, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State

Abstract:

This paper looks at critical areas one must consider while preparing a manuscript and selecting a Journal. A good paper may be rejected if the author fails to take note of certain conditions given by the end journal. The paper briefly, highlight those conditions. Author are advised to always carefully proofread their manuscripts and make appropriate corrections before determing whether it is good enough to be published or not.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF GPS AND GSM VEHICLE TRACKER WITH LOCKING SYSTEM

¹D.M. NAZIF, ²FATIMA MUHAMMAD, ³IBRAHIM SALIM YALWA, ⁴ALIYU MUHAMMAD BELLO, ⁵ALIYU ABDULRAHMAN, ⁶MUHAMMAD AMINU AHMAD

^1,2,6Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, State, Nigeria; ^3,4Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Kaltungo, Gombe, State, Nigeria; ⁵Dept. of Computer Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Abstract

This paper outlines the design and construction of a GPS and GSM vehicle tracker with a locking system. The motivation for this project stems from the need for a reliable, low-cost vehicle tracking and security system. The design of the proposed system utilizes a microcontroller and a number of peripheral components, including Global Positioning System (GPS) and GSM/GPRS communications, to provide a comprehensive and secure tracking and locking system for vehicles. The hardware components used in the system design include a microcontroller, a GPS receiver, a GSM/GPRS module, an electromechanical locking system, and a power supply. The microcontroller acts as the central component, controlling all of the operations, while the GPS receiver and GSM/GPRS module provide location tracking and remote communication, respectively. The electromechanical locking system is used to secure the vehicle when necessary. The power supply provides the required power to operate the system and the peripherals. The software running on the microcontroller, which is written in C, provides the functionality for the system. The software is designed to collect data from the GPS receiver and GSM/GPRS module, and to control the electromechanical locking system. The software is modular, with separate components handling each of the different tasks. The resulting system is capable of providing accurate location data as well as secure remote locking and unlocking of the vehicle. The system design is cost effective, and is suitable for use in a wide variety of applications. The use of readily available components and a well-designed software platform makes the system scalable and extensible. This paper concludes with a discussion of the system design and implementation, as well as suggestions for future work..

ETHNIC POLITICS AND FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA

GBEMUDU ANWULI JOY

Department of Public Administration, Federal Polytechnic, Oko

Abstract

This research work focused on ethnic politics and federalism in Nigeria. Nigeria, a diverse and culturally rich nation, has grappled with the intricate dynamics of ethnic politics and federalism since its inception as an independent state in 1960. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted issues surrounding ethnic politics and federalism in Nigeria, drawing upon a substantial body of literature, historical context, and contemporary analysis. The ethnically diverse population of Nigeria, comprising over 250 distinct ethnic groups, has historically been a source of both strength and tension. The federal system of governance was adopted to manage this diversity, with the country divided into 36 states and a Federal Capital Territory. However, this federal structure has given rise to a unique set of challenges and opportunities that continue to shape Nigeria’s political landscape. The findings of the study revealed that ethnic conflicts have significant impact on Nigerian federalism. It also indicates that fiscal lapse has equally posed negative impact on Nigerian federalism. It further revealed that ethnicity hinders political development in Nigeria. The study concludes that ethnic conflict has significant impact on Nigerian federalism and recommends the need to ensure that the distribution of the revenue encourage each state and local government to improve internal revenue generation, not to constantly and wholly depend on the fund coming from the federation account.

Keywords: Nigeria, Ethnic politics, Federalism, Ethnic diversity, National identity, Restructuring, Cultural diversity, Conflict resolution, Economic development.

EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON STAFF PERFORMANCE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN IMO

AYOZIE CHIDI

Department of Business Administration & Management, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Abstract

The study stands to examine the effect of motivation on staff performance in tertiary institutions as it relates to relationship between motivation and staff performance, factors that motivate staff as well as the influence of qualitative leadership in an organization as a tool for enhancing the performance of staff in tertiary institutions in Imo. The paper utilizes secondary source were academic journals, textbook and materials from internet. Based on the findings of this paper, identify four major variables that influence work motivation: individual characteristics, job characteristics, work environment characteristics, and external environment characteristics. Similarly, Salary, Wages and Conditions of Service, Money, Staff Training and Information Availability and Communication serves as a push factor that motivate an employee to give his best to the organization. Furthermore, effective leadership enables greater participation of the entire workforce, and can also influence both individual and organizational performance. Therefore, the study conclude that, motivation on staff performance as it relates to factor that motivate an employee, relationship between motivation and staff performance as well as the effect of qualitative leadership on staff performance. By way of Recommendation, the paper is of the opinion to conduct empirical research in proving the theoretical or hypotheses of the relationship between motivation and staff performance in public sectors.

Keywords:  Effects, Motivation, Staff, performance, Tertiary, Institutions, Imo

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE INCIDENCE AND VACCINATION OF CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA IN CATTLE IN KOGI STATE NIGERIA

*IREFIN KEMI ELIZABETH; *ZANWA ABUBAKAR IBRAHIM; **SHUAIBU HUSSEINI SHUAIBU

*Department of Animal Science and Technology. Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State Nigeria. **Kogi State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

Abstract

A study of the contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia pandemic that affected cattle in farms and herds in Kogi State, Nigeria, between July and September of 2018. After farmers and herders reported symptoms of possible outbreaks in their herds, blood and lung samples were obtained, and several herds underwent clinical examinations. The blood samples and lung lesions were sent to the Mycoplasma laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom for confirmation testing. During this study, considerations were made on diagnosis, vaccination, treatment, and control strategies and plans of CBPP.  An extensive vaccination program was undertaken by the State Government in conjunction with the Kogi State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to vaccinate as much cattle as possible. Vaccination here was used mainly as a control measure after outbreaks rather than a preventive measure.

Keywords: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, Kogi, vaccination, control strategies.

EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOPHILIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE DESIGN OF OFFICE BUILDINGS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

AUDU, H. O.; AND AHMED, S.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACTS

The concept of biophilic design involves the integration of natural components into the architectural and interior design of places, and is widely seen as an extension of sustainable practices. Abuja is often characterised as a city experiencing rapid economic growth, resulting in the emergence of many corporate activity and emphasising the need for a sustainable working environment. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of biophilic architecture in the design of office buildings located in Abuja, Nigeria. For this research, the mixed method was adopted. The quantitative aspect of the research focused on the occupants of the space, using the questionnaire survey approach to determine the extent to which the users perceive the concept of Biophilia. It also explores interplay of physical elements and their stress impact on the users present in the spaces using an air detecting device known as air node (instrument survey). The qualitative aspect of the research focuses on the office buildings using the case study approach to assess the level of adoption of biophilic design attributes using an observation guide. Findings from the study revealed that the distribution of respondents based on the nature of the current office space: 39.1% use Hive Office Space (open plan), and 24.1% use cumulative office space. The study revealed that causes of stress such as: an unconducive physical work environment, pressure from senior staff, family-related issues, an unconducive social environment, and workload were identified as significant causes of stress. Therefore, the main findings reveals that the majority (62.6%) of the respondents were stressed in their workplaces. This implies that biophilic architecture was not effective in the office buildings. The study recommends that there should be an institutional framework that makes it mandatory for the stakeholders such as designers, clients and building approving authorities, to use biophilic architecture strategies in office building design.

Keywords: Interior design, Biophilic design, Office buildings, Sustainable environment, Well-being

MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION AT THE SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL THROUGH EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP PRACTICES FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

1. HELEN I. AJUDEONU

Faculty of Education, University of Delta, Agbor.

Abstract

Education remains the key to national development. This paper examines the management of education at the secondary school level of through effective leadership practices for National Development. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Four research questions guided the study. The population consisted of all the teachers and the secondary schools in the study area. Simple random sampling was used to selected teachers for the study. The questionnaire titled– “Managing Secondary School through Effective Leadership Practices of Principles for National Development” (MSSTELPPND) was the instrument. The instrument was tested for reliability co-efficient and yielded 0.78; 0.69 and 0.71 respectively using the Cronbach Alpha. Research Questions were analysed with simple frequency, percentages and Mean statistic. The findings revealed that effective leadership practices of the principals were imperative for national development. Therefore, it is recommended that Ministry of Education should organize leadership training programmes for teachers and principals in secondary schools.

Key Words: Management of Education, Secondary School, Leadership Practices, National Development

EDUCATION A PIVOTAL NAVIGATOR FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ENDA TITUS EYOS

Imo State University Owerri

Abstract

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is hypothesized to enable the transition to a sustainable future as envisioned by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To demonstrate the potential of ESD to facilitate such a transition, research was carried out between 2018 and 2020, using a systems thinking approach to enable educational communities develop their own visions around the SDGs through a participatory process of localization of sustainability goals and targets and an alignment with formal educational outcomes. Three case studies implemented in a university and two schools in the UK were evaluated as to their capacity to facilitate these transitions through the development of sustainability competences in their learners. Findings from the application of the systemic framework for transitions toward the SDGs through ESD and assessment tools for sustainability competence attainment in learners are discussed in depth. Important barriers and enablers of the process are identified, as well as leverage points to increase the effectiveness of interventions. This work aims to inform education practitioners and community stakeholders about the potential of ESD and practices they can adapt to their own needs and circumstances.

Keywords: Education, Pivotal, Sustainable, Development, Navigator

ASSESSMENT OF MR. FLUSH® CLEANSER ON HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES, LIVER AND KIDNEY HISTOARCHITECTURE IN EXPOSED WISTAR RATS

ISE UDUAK P¹., OYEPATA SIMEON²., FAMOJURO TAYO.I³., OGIRA JOHNSON⁴., ETU SAMMUEL¹., KWAYANMA SHALOM¹., WILLIAMS UJAH⁴ AND BUILDERS MODUPE I¹.

¹Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria. ²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria. ³Department of Pharmacognosy, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria. ⁴Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria.

Authors’ contributions

This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Authors IUP, OS and ES designed the research work, wrote the protocol and first draft of the manuscript. Authors UGJ and FTI reviewed and vetted the first draft. Author BMI managed the literature searches, while author WU effected corrections to the first draft. Authors OJ and KS performed the statistical analysis. Author WU eviscerated the liver and kidney tissues from all the euthanized experimental rats. All authors made significant financial contributions as well read and approved the final manuscript.

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity concerns of Mr. Flush® polyherbal formulation on hematological indices, liver and kidney function parameters as well as histoarchitecture of both the liver and kidneys of exposed Wistar rats. A 60-day sub-chronic toxicological evaluation using an animal model. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bingham University Karu, Nigeria between May and July 2022. Modified Lorke’s method was used to evaluate acute toxicity. 30 Wistar rats of both genders were randomly allotted to six groups (5 per group) and treated by oral administration daily as follows: Groups 1 and 2 (Controls) received distilled water, 10 mL/kg, while Groups 3-4 and Group 5-6 was treated with 374 mg/kg and 748 mg/kg of the Polyherbal mixture, respectively. On the 62nd day, animals were euthanized under diethyl ether anesthesia and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture for biochemical evaluation. Eviscerated liver and kidneys were weighed and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. The LD₅₀ of the Polyherbal Formulation was estimated to be 3740.17 mg/kg (mouse per oral). Results were considered significant at p ≤0.05. There was a significant increase in blood platelets (PLT) in low-dosed (275.6±2.1) and high-dosed (428.0±1.1) groups compared with control, with every other hematological parameter showing insignificant changes. Biochemical parameters such as ALP, AST, and GPT showed a significant increase in both the low-dosed and high-dosed groups when compared with the control. Kidney function parameters such as Urea and Creatinine were elevated in all treatment groups compared to the control. Histopathology of the kidneys revealed degrees of pathologies such as hyperplasic glomerular cells, occluding Bowman’s space, hyperemia within the cortical tissue, widened proximal and distal convoluted tubules, congestion of cortical tissue cells as well as hyperplasia of tubular and connective tissue cells. Histology of the liver in the treated groups revealed normal hepatocyte architecture with no significant pathologies despite elevated serum liver biomarkers. There are significant nephrotoxicity concerns with the long-term consumption of this polyherbal formulation which suggests that the claims of herbal medicines being of natural origin may devoid of side effects may not always hold true. Findings from the study suggest utmost care in the dosage of herbal formulations when consumed and total abstinence where possible.

Key words: Herbal Formulation, hematological parameters, nephrotoxicity, hepatocytes.

THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

MOHAMMED IDRIS ISAH

Department of Business Administration, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State

ABSTRACT

The study examines the effect of the business activities in Nigeria on the economic development of the country. This is with the desire to examine its ability to achieve the desired objectives in the country (Nigeria). Business has contributed to changes in the level of development in the country through generation of employment; direct creation of wealth and reduction of poverty by contributing to the Nigeria Gross National Product (GNP) and GDP. Also, it contributes to provision of: technical innovation and competition for better services and meeting needs of other businesses by providing products or raw materials needed for other businesses to survive. The increase in economic output recorded in third quarter of 2013 was as a result of increases recorded in agriculture, hotels and restaurants, building and construction and telecommunications sectors of the economy. The contribution of the non-oil sector in the third quarter of 2013 was due to benign weather conditions that led to bountiful harvests in the agricultural sector, increased investments by local and foreign investors and the positive macroeconomic environment. The report however identified the privatization of the power sector, agricultural transformation initiative among factors to drive the country’s growth. The study made recommendation for further development.

Keywords: Business Activeties; Economic Development, Employment, Gdp, Privatization

POLITICS OF RELIGION AND ETHNICITY IN THE 2023 NIGERIAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION AND THE CHALLENGES OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

IBRAHIM MANAJA ZAMBUk

Department of Mass Communication, Gombe State College of Education and Legal Studies Nafada

ABSTRACT

This work examine politics of religion and ethnicity in the 2023 Nigeria Presidential election and the challenges of National Development. This study provide a logical answer and empirical evidences whether religion and ethnicity has played a significant role in the Nigeria 2023 Presidential election. To achieve this survey research method was adopted which include face to face interview. And the sampling techniques adopted for this study is the convenience available sampling. Through this research it has been discovered that most people in Gombe State agreed that religion and ethnicity has played a vital role in the 2023 Nigeria Presidential election it is also discovered that politics of religion and ethnicity has a negative effect on National Development. The researcher therefore recommend that despite the fact that ethnicity and religion has long ago dominated the Nigerian politics. Nigerian should learn how to put the interest of the country first before their their parochial, tribal, ethnic or religious interest because the country is for all of us. The leadership of Nigeria headed by Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu should as a matter of fairness keep to his electoral promise by putting in place electoral reforms that would enable Nigerians have free and fair election that had eluded the country for decades

CONSTRAINT CURRENT CONTROL FOR GRID-CONNECTED POWER INVERTER

MASUD IBRAHIM; SAFIYANU MUHAMMAD BABALE; AMMAR MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM; & SULAIMAN HASSAN

Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Technology, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic Hadejia, Jigawa state

Abstract:

Recent study has paid much attention in the areas of renewable energy (solar and wind) as an alternative method to derive electrical power rather than going by fossil fuels (coal, natural gases etc.) which constantly emits carbon dioxide and other harmful substances into the atmosphere. The emission of these undesirable harmful substances in to the atmosphere have caused climatic changes for example global warming, acid rain, low precipitations and unwanted desert encroachment. These badly affect the quality life of humans and animals. In response to these problems, methods of reducing carbon content emissions become necessary through the use of renewable energy sources (Photovoltaic system, Wind power, Fuel cell etc.). As a result, research on grid-connected inverter have recently become a very hot topic as a means of interfacing renewable energy sources to utility grid. With good interfacing, the renewable energy sources can be able to solve not only the problem of carbon emissions into the atmosphere but also to efficiently support the grid from increased demand of electrical power. Thus, this research has focused on designing a constraint current controller for grid-connected inverter using linear quadratic regulations (LQR) method. The idea of using LQR control design as opposed to classical PI controller is that, The LQR provides optimal current control by careful tuning of the input and state weighting matrices and therefore systematic control design can be achieved. Another advantage of LQR method is that, constraint handling can be address through an offline optimization technique. This is necessary in order to protect the inverter system components (semiconductor switches) and improve its reliability.

Key words: Grid-connected Inverter, LQR, Constraint handling, Optimization

TWO-FIGURE TABLE LOAN PAYMENT RETURN FOR NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES: AN ENGINEERING PROJECTS PROCUREMENT TOOL

¹OLAYEMI, O. D.; ²AWONIYI, G. O².; & AWONIYI O. O³.

¹Department of Computer Science, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. ²Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. ³Department of Quality Control and Assuarance, TwinsFaja Group of Companies, Lagos, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

This research came about on the thought of how to assist farmers and engineers on payment plan schedule for payment return on agricultural incentives and machinery procurement loans. The paper work aimed at generating Two-Figure Table handbook for the membership of the Nigerian Co-operative Societies for any loan obtained at various interest rates. It later generated to generalizing it to the various Nigeria workers’ cooperative societies since most of the societies are operating on the same styles and principles. The generated results from the principal loan made use of standard figures which break at every 10th multiple while the interest were generally computed on the basis of simple interest at any given interest rate with selection bases of 0.5% interval up to 30%. The research package had a loan payment return schedule ranges from 3 Months to 36 Months.

Keywords: Agriculture, Cooperative Society, Loan, Payment return, Handbook

EFFECT OF INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES ON SMES GROWTH IN NIGER STATE: A CASE STUDY OF BIDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA

SHETTIMA ABDUL-MATINU; & BELLO JUNAIDU AHMED

Department of Social Science, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State

Abstract

Small and medium-sized businesses are the backbone of the economy. The lack of infrastructure facilities in Nigeria has hampered the expansion of SMEs. These amenities include things like power and water supplies, a road and rail system, telecommunications, medical facilities, and more. The government is responsible for providing these amenities, however, in Nigeria, practically all of them are insufficient or in short supply. The performance of SMEs in the Nigerian economy has been adversely impacted by this circumstance. In this study, the impact of infrastructure on the performance of SMEs in Nigeria is examined. The quantitative research methodology was chosen as the approach while a survey study design and a critical and convenience sampling procedure were employed to gather data from 240 respondents chosen from six significant SMEs clusters in Bida Local Government Area of Niger State. To evaluate the study’s hypotheses, the data gathered through the use of questionnaires was analyzed using percentages and chi-square. According to the study findings, many Nigerian small- and medium-sized businesses are responsible for funding their own basic infrastructure. The enormous expense involved in providing this essential facility has driven many small and medium-sized business owners. Power and water infrastructure are essential to any commercial operation. As a result, in order to expand, small and medium-sized businesses need infrastructure facilities.

Keywords: Infrastructure, SMEs, Growth, Bida, Economy

GENDER EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPPING WORKS IN KEBBI STATE

RABIU IBRAHIM LAILABA

Department of Agricultural Education, Adamu Augie College of Education, P.M.B. 1012 Argungu, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Abstract                                                

Increasing women and men’s access to mechanized farming tools could reduce women’s energy exertion and improve their nutritional status. The introduction of new equipments also account for the physical differences between women and men, and its implications on work burdens. When new technologies are introduced, men might take over the tasks previously assigned to women. Women do not lose control over the proceeds of the agricultural products they were previously responsible for. Further, mechanization could displace farmers who are poor and low skilled and consequently reducing their incomes and nutritional status. While increased agricultural production could improve nutritional status by increasing agricultural income and food. The gain in nutritional status could be offset by an increase in work effort of doing agricultural work. Our results suggest that it is possible that, access to equipment reduced effort for one production activity but increased work for other activities in the production process such as in harvesting. Furthermore, we find that women in households with a hand powered sprayer is positively related to time spent in weeding, fertilizing, and non-harvest activities, while it is negatively correlated for men. In addition to individual-level food consumption, will be the key to accurately capturing energy expenditure.

Keywords; Women, Gender, Agriculture, Mechanization, Fertilizer

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF GUEIRA SENEGALENSIS LEAVE EXTRACT

YAKUBU S., REJOICE A., JUSTIN M. AND OMAR WAFUDU

Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria. [Collage of Education, Hong]

ABSTRACT

There is an increased demand and utilization of plants around the globe owing to their role in medicine. Guera senegalensis is one of the important plant that has been used widely for the treatment and management of gonorrhea, stomach ache, wounds, skin disease, tooth, pulmonary and respiratory infection, coughs, diarrhea, syphilis, rheumatism, hypertension, eczema, gastro intritis, eplipsy, bronchitis, tuberculosis, cold asthma and impotency. The work is aimed at investigating the phytochemical compounds and the antioxidant property of the leave extract of the plant. The phytochemical properties of the plant were carried out using the AOAC methods while the antioxidant property was carried out using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results of the phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkanoids, saponins, steroids, Phenols, tannins and flavonols. While the antioxidant activity assay showed higher activity in hexane with 10.580.004, 14.140.01, 18.320.007 and 22.370.01 at the concentration of 25ug/ml, 50ug/ml, 75mg/ml and 100ug/ml respectively and lowest was observed in ethyl acetate 6.440.003, 8.230.004, 12.260.007 and 14.760.04 at 25ug/ml, 50ug/ml, 75mg/ml and 100ug/ml respectively. From the results of the study it is clearly revealed that the leave of G. senegalensis is rich in potent phytoconsituents and a good source of antioxidants

Key wards: Guera senegalensis 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl antioxidant, phytochemical screening methanol extract

LOOKING AT COMPANIES IN OIL BUSINESS AND THE LAW OF COMPENSATION FOR OIL POLLUTION IN NIGERIA THROUGH THE MARXIAN PERSPECTIVE

ANIEKAN J. MENDIE

Department of Business Administration & Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

Ownership, control and management of oil and gas infrastructure are matters subsumed under the monopoly of the Federal Government of Nigeria and strictly regulated by federally enacted laws in the country. Multinational oil companies through licenses involve in joint venture operations in the oil sector with the Federal Government through Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL). This company manages the country’s commercial interest in oil business alliance with multinational oil companies in the petroleum sector. Multinational oil companies in joint venture with NNPCL engage in commercial pursuits profits in the petroleum sub-sector, paying scant attention to restoration of the environment from, and compensation of victims for oil pollution damage arising from oil mining operations. Corporate oil miners paying scant attention to victims in need of compensation for oil pollution are able to escape liability for oil pollution because of loopholes existing in the body of laws for environmental regulation and compensation of oil pollution. The legal regime for compensation of oil pollution exist with anomalies, technicalities, imprecision and inadequacies; and above all, pro-state and multinational oil companies focused in nature. The nature of oil regulatory laws and their interpretation appear to be informed and influenced largely by the economic interest of the state on the line of oil production. Thus, this paper looks at the national and multinational oil companies in oil sector in Nigeria in its bid to evaluate the background and character of oil pollution compensation laws using the Marxian theoretical perspective. The pro-state character and protectionist posture of oil regulatory laws toward multinational oil companies actually informed the deployment and application of Marxian theoretical perspective in the analysis of laws within the context of this paper. To that extent, qualitative research methodology and doctrinal approach are applied to evaluate provisions and principles of laws relevant in of this paper. Going by doctrinal research approach, the paper draws materials from statutes, law reports containing judicial precedents, law text books and academic journals to develop sub-themes making up its body. Thus, total abolition of laws for their exploitative nature as contemplated by the Marxian perspective is out-rightly rejected. It is recommended among others, that oil pollution laws no matter how exploitative they may be should be amended or selectively repealed and replaced to address compensatory justice in Nigeria.

Keywords: Oil Companies, Oil Pollution, Law, Compensation, Nigeria.

TEACHER’S CLASSROOM PRACTICE AND MOTIVATION AS CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS IN BASIC SCIENCE IN IBADAN NORTH WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT

YEKINNI, Lukuman Oyewole

Department of Educational Psychology, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo

Abstract

Academic performance in basic science subject has been a major concern to all and sundry. This is because basic science prepares an individual to be challenged technologically; it prepares students to scientific exploitation in later life. In order to boost the passion of students to be more vast scientifically, there are certain factors that must be put in place among which are teachers classroom practice and motivation. However, the level of academic performance of every student therefore can be challenged through appropriate provision of materials and at most the quality of personnel involved in the teaching and learning process, hence, competent teachers will coordinate aright, the activities of the classrooms. This study provides an examination on the influence of teacher classroom practice and motivation on the academic prowess of pupils in basic science subject. In achieving this, the study involved the use of one hundred (100) primary school pupils. A self-developed questionnaire was used to gather information about the variables under study from the pupils. It was however found out that teacher classroom practice and motivation are important integral in coordinating the academic performance of pupils in basic science subject. Recommendations were appropriately made according to the findings of the study.

Keywords: Classroom practice, Motivation, Basic science, Pupils

EFFECT OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) DIMENSIONS ON SMEs PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM OYO STATA, NIGERIA

LADOKUN, I.O¹; OYEWOLE, F.A²; OLA TIMOTHY OLALEKAN³; & EGUNJOBI, G.O⁴

¹Department of Marketing, the Polytechnic, Ibadan. ²Department of Procurement and Supply Chain Management, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. ³Department of Business Administration and Management, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. ⁴Department of Business Administration and Management Studies, the Polytechnic, Ibadan.

Abstract

This study examined the effect of Customer relationship management (CRM) dimensions on SMEs performance with particular reference to SMEs engaging in Manufacturing in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling techniques were utilized to select small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) involved in manufacturing in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Additionally, a simple random sampling technique was employed to choose 105 SME operators and managers. Data analysis was performed with the aid of correlation and ordinary least square (OLS) method of estimation. The study found a positive and statistically significant influence of key customer focus, CRM organization, CRM knowledge management and technology-based CRM on SMEs’ performance. This suggests that various components of CRM, including key customer focus, CRM organization, CRM knowledge management, and technology-based CRM, all play important roles in enhancing SMEs’ performance. By focusing on these aspects and implementing effective CRM strategies, SMEs can achieve improved customer satisfaction, loyalty, and ultimately, business success.

Keywords: CRM, organization, knowledge, management, technology-based, SMEs

AGENDA FOR A FUNCTIONAL PUBIC SERVICE IN HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING (HRP) AND BUDGETING

AYOZIE CHIDI

Department of Business Administration & Management, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Abstract

For the public service to remain relevant and functioned, in the discharge of its re­sponsibilities, the government needs to critically review its human resource planning and budgeting activities. A realistic budget, serving as both planning and control techniques, can enhance effective human resource planning and utilization in the public service. This paper begins by offering a conceptual clarification of HRP and budgeting, and notes the significance of developing and maintaining q functional public service. It further discusses the budget as a planning technique as veil as budget premises, in HRP. The paper concludes by emphasized the need for the public service, like the private sector, to develop realistic staff budgeting to be able to effect the HRP and achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness

Keywords:  Human, Resources, Planning, Budgeting

IMPLICATION OF URBAN LAND TRASACTION WITHOUT AUTHORITIES CONSENTS IN NIGERIA: LAGOS METROPOLIS IN PERSPECTIVES

ESV. WALE ADERIBIGBE

6 Ashabi Cole Street, Off Lateef Jakande Road, SBD, Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Land transaction in Nigeria are mainly carried out without following due process this arise because of lack of government commitment and machinery. This paper intent to highlight the problems of fraudulent transaction in Nigeria land market with the intension of given the underline remedies to this land economic problems. The acquisition of land has been attached with enormous disastrous to social, political and economic sphere of live which gives room for unhealthy transaction, there are no perfect market in Nigeria land market that can eliminates price differences. The buyers and sellers were not adequately informed with the ideal methods of land transactions. It is being highlighted that lack of authorities consents resulted in fraudulent transaction where the seller sold parcel of land that they have no right over it. It is also mentioned that land holding system that is, land tenure system before the coming of European makes land to be secured due to the tradition custom of the people. Land Use Act of 1978 also creates many changes to land holdings and development of the urban centres. Land as economic resources its proper distribution create wealth to the members of the society. Perfect knowledge of the land registration and transaction or ownership transfer by the individual can reduce fraudulent land transaction. It is recommended that government should put priority on issue of adequate land distribution mechanisms to curtail illegal land transaction and laws should be enacted to regulate ownership of land titles. Government should encourage land professionals to establish a body of estate agents that will be given mandates to transact in land and buildings matter.

Keywords: Land tenure, transaction, compulsory acquisition, development, fraudulent

DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE CONTROLL LIGHT DIMMER BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER

YUSUF MOHAMMED

Department of Electrical/ Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bali.

ABSTRACT

Light dimming has been possible for many decades by using adjustable power resistors and adjustable transformers. However, those conventional methods have been used in movie theatres, stages and other public places, suffer from significant imperfection. They are big, expensive, have poor efficiency and they are hard to control from remote location. These also involve a lot of human labor, energy and time wastage. This paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent microcontroller-based remote controlled light dimmer that make the entire system smarter and easier to operate. A remote control is designed so as to control the light intensity as well as switch on and off the light. The project works by varying the duty cycle (On/Off time) of the full AC voltage that is applied to the light being controlled. A triac and diac were used to control the power of the lamp. The system is found operational and effective within the range of 0.01m to 5.00m in accordance with the design specifications.

Key words: Microcontroller, Remote control, Light intensity, Light Dimmer, opt coupler, LED, Infrared.

DESIRABILITY ANALYSIS OF AMARANTHUS HYPOCHONDRIACUS AT SELECTED WATER STRESS

AWONIYI, G. O¹., ADENIRAN, K. A², AWONIYI, K. P³

¹Department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. ²Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. ³Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.

Abstract

This research work was aimed at determining the best desirable water stress for optimum irrigation water needed for the growth of Amaranth hypochondriacus. The yield obtained from four classes of water stress irrigation water methodology for the amaranth plant were analyzed using design expert software based on the category classification of the individual treatments blocks. The four water stresses base on field capacity (FC) irrigation methodology adopted were 60% FC, 70% FC, 80% FC and 90% FC. Individual composite treatments desirabilities were compared to determine the comparative better treatment. Irrigation at 90% FC gave the highest desirability of 0.832, followed by 80% FC with 0.544 desirability, 70% with 0.287 desirability, and least in 60% FC with desirability of 0.111 of the maximum attainable desirability of 1. The desirability is a confirmation of the mean yield of the selected water treatments which had the highest at 90% FC (29.3 ton/ha) followed by 80% FC (23.3 ton/ha), 70% FC (17.8 ton/ha) and least at 60% FC (14.2 ton/ha). Analysis carried out on the yield obtained from the water treatment confirmed that the best desirability is obtainable at the maximum possible FC capacity irrigation.

Keywords: Analysis, Desirability, Amaranth, Water Stress, Irrigation, Field Capacity

THE IMPACT OF ENGLISH TENSE IN CONSTRUCTING SCIENTIFIC TEXTS: AN OVERVIEW OF PRESENT SIMPLE

BAMANGA ALIYU,

General Studies Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bali

Abstract

This study portrays the use of present simple tense impact in constructing scientific text such as articles and many more. Observation reveals that academics, students and other scientific writers struggle with the choice of an appropriate tense to be used when constructing academic texts. In essence to that, it is clear that researchers are quite battling with issues of inconsistency and lack of appropriacy of which tense to mostly use in scientific research. The secondary method employed in this study is a result of being a non-empirical paper. This depends on journal articles, textbooks, seminars and e-materials from the internet. The impact of the construct under study is to learn which tense to be used  and maintain consistency while writing a research paper for clarity of meaning and comprehensible input.The result showcase that scientific writing is more of simple present than other tenses since it is mostly used in the abstract, main body, general statements, facts, and many more. Therefore, it can be concluded that simple present tense is more momentous and has an impact on the scientific construction of texts. Based on that this study believes that having the ability to use it by the students, academics and any other researchers improves the quality of writing especially in the construction of scientific texts in an academic arena.

Keywords: tertiary institution, scientific text, absolute tense, simple present

THE NEED TO INSTIGATE MICROFINANCE BANK’S  IMPARTS FOR FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS’ EMPOWERMENT IN TARABA STATE

ABUBAKAR YAHYA

General Studies Department, the Polytechnic, Bali, Taraba State

Abstract

This study focuses on finding out the need to instigate microfinance bank for female entrepreneurs in Taraba State. More to that the economic conditions of women entrepreneurs under study is equally disclosed. The participants are female entrepreneurs who enjoy the benefits of  loans and leases from Microfinance Bank (FMB). This is found in the existing literatures that are used in study to showcase the benefits to be equally enjoyed by females entrepreneurs in Taraba State. Investigation through secondary means of sourcing information is carryout thoroughly. This confirms that women and  microfinance both enjoy the intervention which has a momentous  impact in empowering the participants in  both psychologically and economically. Nevertheless, some useful recommendations were made in which a social collateral is suggested to be adopted instead of the ordinary method which is known as physical collateral. This is because the physical collateral is considered to be a bit obsolete in this study. Therefore, in extension,  the positive out come need to be intensified to have many more female as this will boost the economy of the study area, the state and Nigeria as a whole. So, empowering women entrepreneurs in  the study area will go along way and a standard requirements need to be elastic and accesssable for a lot of more to benefit from the program.

Keywords: Females empowerment. Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneur; Microfinance Bank;

PROMOTING NATIONAL INTEGRATION FOR SUSTAINABLE PEACE IN BORNO STATE.

MAMMAN NATHAN ENOS

Department of Christien Religouse Studies College of Education Waka – Biu

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the critical role of promoting national integration in achieving sustainable peace in a diverse society. It argues that national integration is a process of creating a sense of shared values, identity and how purpose among the citizens, regardless of their ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic differences. The paper examines the challenges and opportunities for promoting national integration in diverse society and highlights the key strategies that can be employed to foster national unity and social cohesion, it also discuss the role of education, media and civil society of organizations in promoting national integration and emphasizes the need for potential will and leadership to derived the process of national integration, finally, the paper continuous by emphasizing the importance of sustained efforts towards promoting national integration as a critical components of achieving sustainable peace in diverse societies.

ASSESSEMENT OF SOLAR RADIATION WITH PROGRESIVE MACHINE LEARNING ENSEMBLE TECHNIQUES

AMMAR MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM, RABIU ABDULQADIR, MASÚD IBRAHIM, MUHAMMAD UZAIR, MUHAMMAD SULE

ABSTRACT

In the modern days, the penetration of solar power at residential and utility levels has advanced exponentially. However, as a result of stochastic nature of solar this instability needs to be clarified. Predicting solar radiation analyzed to be helpful in excellent design, and performance of solar energy-based systems. Nevertheless, quantification of solar radiation mainly in the developing nations is quite challenging, due to the cost of purchasing the measuring instruments, together with their calibration and maintenance. This paper aim to examine the application of advanced ensemble machine learning models for the estimation of solar radiation in four major cities of Nigeria, namely; Kano, Maiduguri, Port Harcourt and Lagos. Two ensemble techniques are employed; the averaging ensemble (AE) and neuro-fuzzy ensemble. The ensemble models are established by bringing together three single machine learning models namely; Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The models are developed using meteorological data consisting of relative humidity (RH), Wind Speed (WS), Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature, Mean Temperature and Rainfall as independent variables. The simulation results determined that the NFE provide the highest accuracy in all the study areas. The established models can reliably be used as other tool for prediction of solar radiation in the study areas.

Key Words: Machine Learning, Ensemble, Kano. Maiduguri, Port Hacourt, Lagos

FOOD AND ART: INFLUENCE OF THE AESTHETIC PRESENTATION OF FOOD TOWARDS CONSUMPTION IN NIGERIA

MARYAM SULEIMAN¹, MARYAM ISA WAZIRI², MUHAMMAD MUSTAPHA IBRAHIM³ AND GAYUS MUSA⁴

¹Department of Primary Education, College of Education, Billiri, Gombe State. ²Department of Primary Education, College of Education, Billiri, Gombe State. ³Department of Social Sciences, College of Education Billiri, Gombe State. ⁴ Department of Primary Education, College of Education, Billiri, Gombe State

Abstract

This study specifically sought to ascertain Nigerians preference for aesthetic presentation of food. The population of this study comprises of all Nigerians with a social media presence. The study adopted descriptive research method. A structured interview instrument of 21 items tagged Food and Art Questionnaire (FAQ) was designed by the authors and administered to respondents via several social media platforms. The sample consist of 221 Nigerians across the 6 geopolitical zones in the country. The data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26). The study revealed that majority of Nigerians prefer consuming food that is aesthetically presented. Based on the findings, the authors recommend Nigerians to present their food in an aesthetic manner in order to encourage consumption.

Key words: Food and Art, Aesthetic, Consumption, Nigeria

DEVELOPMENT OF HISTORY TEACHING AND LEARNING CURRICULUM FOR NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS: THE CASE OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, BAUCHI NIGERIA.

YUSUF ISMAIL IMAM; & ABDULKARIM USMAN

General Studies Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi – Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigates the negligence of teaching and learning History in Nigeria’s tertiary institutions with the Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi Nigeria as the case study. History is key and strategic subject and learning xxxx as a reflection of the past, understanding of the present and forecast of the future. Over the years, history has been neglected in Nigeria’s educational institutions. The study uses qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry, research and special interview will be conducted with the students’ education administrators and lecturers of the studying area to unveil the extent of the negligence and other issues there connected to it, the paper makes recommendations included; increased civic education, religious enlightenment, and other programs activities and granted true and balanced of freedoms operations to the Nigerian institutions.

Keywords: History, Curriculum, Education, NIgeria, education, teaching, learning,

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION IN FOSTERING RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN NIGERIA

NASIRU MUHAMMAD YABO

Department of Social Studies Education, School of Arts and Social Science, Federal College of Education, Jama’are, Bauchi state – Nigeria

Abstract

This paper examines the role of social studies education as it relates to curving religious bigotry that remains a bottleneck in the development of the united Nigeria and is intended to be a catalyst in mitigating the seeds of religious intolerance that have manifested in the young generation of this country which poses a big threat on national unity and cohesion. The paper which based its theoretical framework from a sociological theory named symbolic interactionism described the concept of religious values, religious tolerance, social values as well as the role of social studies education in the development of religious tolerance in Nigeria. One of the major findings of this paper indicates that attitudes and beliefs as well as emotions that triggers conflict and intolerance are all learned human behaviors and can be modified through the effective teaching and learning of social studies. Furthermore, the paper outlined some recommendations that would enhance religious tolerance amongst students through social studies education. Such suggestions include: review of social studies curriculum with the aim of placing more emphasis on religious difference and religious tolerance; making social studies education to be a core subject up to upper level; training and retraining of social studies teachers – most of whom are borrowed from other fields – in the concept of social studies education.

Keywords: Social studies education, religious values, religious tolerance, national consciousness, national unity

PERCEPTION OF BUSINESS EDUCATION STUDENTS ON CAUSES AND WAYS OF REDUCING POVERTY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION, DELTA STATE

LIZZY NKEM ONYEMAH (Ph.D)

Department of Marketing Education, School of Secondary Education (Business), Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba, Delta State.

Abstract 

The study examined perception of business education students on causes and ways of reducing poverty for sustainable development in colleges of Education, Delta State. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised 150 Business Education students in 3 Colleges of Education in Delta State. The entire population was studied due to its manageable size. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire items used in this study was structured using a 4-point response scale. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Coefficient alpha and a coefficient of 0.87 was obtained suggesting a high reliability. All 150 copies of the instrument were administered and returned which was made possible through the wait and take approach. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation statistics while t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed that bad governance, corruption, low productivity, underemployment, destruction of natural resources are the root causes of poverty. The study also found that the ways of reducing challenges of poverty include quality education, diversification of economic activities, reduction in wages and allowances for high-income earners, investing in health and well-being of youths as well as fighting corruption. The study recommended among other things that government should increase budgetary allocation to education as well as a review of the school curricula with a view to making the educational system more responsive to growth and poverty reduction.

Keywords: Poverty, Business Education, Colleges of Education, Sustainable Development

ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION IN INCREASING FOOD PRODUCTION TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ON POVERTY AND HUNGER IN DELTA STATE

IFEANYI, SAMUEL CHUKWUKELU

Department of Agricultural Education Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba Delta State.

ABSTRACT

The study investigated the Role of Agricultural Science Education Transformation in Increasing Food Production to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals on Poverty and Hunger in Delta State. Three research questions were used to guide the study.Descriptive survey design was used. Population of the study is made up of 45 lecturers and 234 students from Departments of Agricultural Education in Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba, Collage of Education Warri and College of Education Agbor making a total of 279. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 172 respondents.Data  was collected  using structured questionnaire . Responses from questionnaire were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Mean weight of 2.50 was accepted for decision.Standard deviation from the mean was used to determine the closeness or wideness (spread) of the respondents. Finding revealed that, agricultural science education transformation  in Delta State has not increased food production to meet the sustainable development goal  on poverty and hunger.The study recommended radical change in both curriculum content and delivery among others.

Keyword: Agricultural, Education, Transformation, Sustainable, Development.

STORAGE CONDITION EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER DISINFECTION

MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD MAKKI, PhD; MUKHTAR ISA; & ABDULFATAH USMAN

Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering BUPOLY Hadejia, Jigawa State Nigeria.

Abstract

Natural coagulants are considered affordable and efficient substitutes to chemical coagulants for use in developing countries where raw materials such as Cicer arietinum (green pea) are readily available. Polluted water is estimated to affect about 1200 million people and contribute to the death of 15 million children in the world per year. The excessive use of chemical coagulants can affect human health in the long term; aluminum has been indicated to be a causative agent of neurologic diseases such as senile dementia.

Researches confirms the high impact of Pea pod as a coagulant in water treatment, but much researches have to be done to ascertain the effects of its storage on water disinfection. Therefore, the research aims at finding effect of STORAGE CONDITION (TEMPERATURE AND pH) EFFECT OF PEA POD ON WATER DISINFECTION. A suitable method was employed for the Pea pod processing. Pea pod was prepared and ground to powder. Phytochemical analysis of the Pea pod was done. 10% stock solution of the extract was prepared. Jar test for water disinfection, was carried out for High, Medium, low untreated synthetic waters, Kura surface (river) water and Zoo road well water. The process was repeated for the Pea pod powder at varying temperature and pH values. For Pea pod stored used for treatment of the water samples; p-values range was high, signifying that there is significant difference between the percentage hardness removal of Pea pod powder not stored and that stored for the varying temperature and pH values.

Keywords: Pea Pod, Disinfection, Water Treatment, Storage Condition

ASSESSMENT OF NOISE CONTROL LEVEL FOR THE DESIGN OF SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGERIA

ASHAFA, S. A. AND AHMED, S.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna.

ABSTRACT

The rapid urbanization and population growth in Nigeria have resulted in increased noise pollution, which poses significant challenges to the learning environment within educational institutions. This study aimed at assessing noise control for the design of School of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. The study employed the use of mixed method research with the aid of questionnaire survey and case study approach to obtain data purposively from 200participants from the School of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Findings from the study show that the rate at which noise disturbance is experienced in the learning environment is often (frequency = 80). Furthermore, it was revealed that the respondents were uncomfortable with the level of noise in their learning area (frequency = 125). The study also revealed that “Loud talking” (frequency = 130) constituted the major source of noise. The most significant effect of noise in the learning area was revealed to be “Noise makes it difficult to hear what lecturer is saying, thereby leading to poor performance” (55%). In order to mitigate noise pollution in the learning area, the respondents revealed that “Use of absorbing materials on walls in noise prone areas” (31.5%) and “Use of acoustic panels in the learning space” (30%) are the most important Architectural design techniques to reduce noise. It was therefore concluded that the identification of noise level provides a useful tool for identifying areas of high noise levels and determining the intensity of noise at various locations, therefore guiding the implementation of effective noise control measures at the design stage. It was recommended that the use of sound-absorbing materials, improving building acoustics, and providing quiet areas for students, which are some of the strategies that can be used to control noise pollution in schools

Keywords: Architectural design, Noise control, noise level, noise pollution.

ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN INDOOR SPORT COMPLEX DESIGN FOR IBRAHIM BABANGIDA BADAMOSI UNIVERSITY, LAPAI, NIGERIA

NDAISA, A. H. AND AHMED, S.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACTS

The increasing global concern for sustainable practices, has resulted in the emergence of energy efficiency as a crucial aspect of architectural design as such conservation of energy is of utmost necessity as dependency on energy in our present day and time is on the increase which consequently leads to high cost of building construction and maintenance. This study seeks to assess energy efficiency in indoor sport complex design at IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of energy efficiency within the university’s sport facilities is necessary to identify current energy consumption patterns, potential areas of inefficiencies, and strategies for optimization. The research employs a mixed-methods approach: qualitative and quantitative. The findings should reveal the current energy consumption patterns within indoor sport facility and assess the efficiency of existing design elements. Through the analysis of key energy-efficient strategies, including building envelope, lighting systems, HVAC, and renewable energy integration, this study will provide recommendations for optimizing energy usage while maintaining a comfortable indoor sports environment. The outcomes of this research will contribute to the body of knowledge on energy-efficient design principles in indoor sport complexes, especially in the context of the Nigerian climate and local energy resources. The results will inform architects, designers, and stakeholders involved in similar projects, promoting sustainable practices and reducing the environmental impact of sport facilities.

Keywords: Complex, Design, Energy efficiency, Indoor sport

EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOPHILIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE DESIGN OF OFFICE BUILDINGS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

AUDU, H. O AND AHMED, S.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACTS

The concept of biophilic design involves the integration of natural components into the architectural and interior design of places, and is widely seen as an extension of sustainable practices. Abuja is often characterised as a city experiencing rapid economic growth, resulting in the emergence of many corporate activity and emphasising the need for a sustainable working environment. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of biophilic architecture in the design of office buildings located in Abuja, Nigeria. For this research, the mixed method was adopted. The quantitative aspect of the research focused on the occupants of the space, using the questionnaire survey approach to determine the extent to which the users perceive the concept of Biophilia. It also explores interplay of physical elements and their stress impact on the users present in the spaces using an air detecting device known as air node (instrument survey). The qualitative aspect of the research focuses on the office buildings using the case study approach to assess the level of adoption of biophilic design attributes using an observation guide. Findings from the study revealed that the distribution of respondents based on the nature of the current office space: 39.1% use Hive Office Space (open plan), and 24.1% use cumulative office space. The study revealed that causes of stress such as: an unconducive physical work environment, pressure from senior staff, family-related issues, an unconducive social environment, and workload were identified as significant causes of stress. Therefore, the main findings reveals that the majority (62.6%) of the respondents were stressed in their workplaces. This implies that biophilic architecture was not effective in the office buildings. The study recommends that there should be an institutional framework that makes it mandatory for the stakeholders such as designers, clients and building approving authorities, to use biophilic architecture strategies in office building design.

Keywords: Interior design, Biophilic design, Office buildings, Sustainable environment, Well-being

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOTEL BUILDINGS IN KADUNA, NIGERIA

MANSOOR, A. R. AND AHMED, S.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACTS

The recent increase in prices of energy resources and effects of global warming propelled the growing relevance of improving energy efficiency especially in an energy intensive industry like hotels. This research aims to develop sustainable design strategies for energy efficiency in hotel buildings in Kaduna, Nigeria. The research used a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, and case studies, to collect data from hoteliers, architects, engineers, and energy experts. Three hundred questionnaires were administered to the research population, and one hundred and forty-seven (147) were retrieved, representing a response rate of 49%.  The findings revealed that the use of solar panels (renewable energy) could meet the energy needs of the hotels and that regular energy audits (monitoring and analysis) of energy consumption data could help identify areas for improvement (MIS = 4.38 and 4.18, respectively). These were the most significant strategies for developing sustainable practices for energy efficiency. Furthermore, the result shows the impact of sustainable strategies on enhancing energy efficiency in hotel buildings. Also, the respondents agreed that the application of sustainable construction methods that do not harm the environment helps reduce the energy consumption of hotel buildings (MIS = 3.89). The study concludes that considering the poor energy condition in Nigeria, it is very important for industry professional to focus more on achieving net zero energy design in all buildings. The study recommends that Nigerian construction professionals should participate in global best practices for energy design in buildings and to promote energy efficiency ideas to both private and public customers in order to potentially benefit both the economy and the environment.

Keywords: Development, Energy efficiency, Hotel buildings, Design strategies,Sustainable

ASSESSMENT OF RESTORATIVE DESIGN FEATURES IN CANCER SPECIALIST HOSPITAL IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

SALAMI, I. A. AND AHMED, S.

Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

ABSTRACTS

In Nigeria and other African countries, efforts to address cancer control have gained momentum, leading to the establishment of national programmes similar to those in Turkey. However, challenges arise in the planning and design of cancer care centres due to inadequate legislation and contradictory propositions. The cancer treatment centre in Abuja, Nigeria, requires a comprehensive assessment of restorative design features, which are essential for promoting healing and well-being among patients because the environment in which patients receive care can significantly impact their healing process and overall well-being. This study seeks to assess the effects of restorative design elements implemented in a cancer specialist hospital in Nigeria on the health outcomes of patients. The study was conducted at the Cancer Specialist Hospital in Abuja as a case study. The results of the study indicate that the provision of comfortable seating arrangements and private areas within hospitals was found to facilitate relaxation and contribute to the reduction of stress levels (mean scores of 4.53 and 4.50, respectively). The study also revealed that the presence of restorative spaces inside hospital settings contributes to a decrease in stress levels, facilitates relaxation, and fosters an atmosphere conducive to recovery. The clinical significance is that utilising restorative design features will help create positive attraction nd enhance emotional well-being, as well providing opportunities for patients to connect with nature and engage in outdoor activities. The study recommends that designers prioritise the incorporation of restorative design elements, such as enough natural light, access to pleasant views, well-designed interiors, landscaped gardens, social amenities, privacy and companionship, when planning cancer specialty hospitals

Keywords: Architectural design, Cancer patients, Restorative features, Specialist hospital, Well-being